Richard Wright (1) (1908–1960)
Auteur de Un enfant du pays
Pour les autres auteurs qui s'appellent Richard Wright, voyez la page de désambigüisation.
A propos de l'auteur
Richard Wright was generally thought of as one of the most gifted contemporary African American writers until the rise of James Baldwin. "With Wright, the pain of being a Negro is basically economic---its sight is mainly in the pocket. With Baldwin, the pain suffuses the whole man. . . . If afficher plus Baldwin's sights are higher than Wright's, it is in part because Wright helped to raise them" (Time). Wright was born on a plantation near Natchez, Mississippi, the son of a sharecropper. At the age of 15, he started to work in Memphis, then in Chicago, then "bummed all over the country," supporting himself by various odd jobs. His early writing was in the smaller magazines---first poetry, then prose. He won Story Story's $500 prize---for the best story written by a worker on the Writer's Project---with "Uncle Tom's Children" in 1938, his first important publication. He wrote Native Son (1940) in eight months, and it made his reputation. Based in part on the actual case of a young black murderer of a white woman, it was one of the first of the African American protest novels, violent and shocking in its scenes of cruelty, hunger, rape, murder, flight, and prison. Black Boy (1945) is the simple, vivid, and poignant story of Wright's early years in the South. It appeared at the beginning of a new postwar awareness of the evils of racial prejudice and did much to call attention to the plight of the African American. The Outsider (1953) is a novel based on Wright's own experience as a member of the Communist party, an affiliation he terminated in 1944. He remained politically inactive thereafter and from 1946 until his death made his principal residence in Paris. His nonfiction writings on problems of his race include Black Power: A Record of Reactions in a Land of Pathos (1954), about a visit to the Gold Coast, White Man, Listen (1957), and Twelve Million Black Voices: A Folk History of the Negro in the United States. (Bowker Author Biography) Richard Wright was born on a plantation near Natchez, Mississippi. His father left the family when Wright was only five years old, and he was raised first by his mother and then by a series of relatives. What little schooling he had ended with his graduation from ninth grade in Memphis, Tennessee. At age 15, he started to work in Memphis, and later worked in Chicago before traveling across the country supporting himself with odd jobs. When Wright finally returned to Chicago, he got a job with the federal Writer's Project, a government-supported arts program. He was quite successful, winning a $500 prize from a magazine for the best fiction written by a participant in that program. In Chicago, he was also introduced to leftist politics and became a member of the Communist Party. In 1937, Wright left Chicago for New York, where he became Harlem editor for the Communist national newspaper, The Daily Worker, and where he met future novelist, Ralph Ellison. Wright became a celebrated author with the publication of Native Son (1940), a novel he wrote in only eight months. Based on the actual case of a young black murderer of a white woman, it was one of the first of the modern black protest novels, violent and shocking in its sense of cruelty, hunger, rape, murder, flight, and prison. This novel brought Wright both fame and financial security. He followed it with his autobiography, Black Boy (1945), which was also successful. In 1942, Wright and his wife broke with the Communist Party, and in 1947, they moved to France, where Wright lived the rest of his life. His novel The Outsider (1953) is based on his experiences as a member of the Communist Party. Wright is regarded as a major modern American writer, one of the first black writers to reach a large white audience, and thereby raise the level of national awareness of the continuing problem of racism in America. In many respects Wright paved the way for all black writers who followed him. (Bowker Author Biography) afficher moins
Crédit image: Richard Wright (1908-1960)
Photograph by Gordon Parks, May 1943
(Farm Security Administration-
Office of War Information Photograph Collection,
Library of Congress)
Photograph by Gordon Parks, May 1943
(Farm Security Administration-
Office of War Information Photograph Collection,
Library of Congress)
Œuvres de Richard Wright
Black Power: Three Books from Exile: Black Power; The Color Curtain; and White Man, Listen! (2008) 90 exemplaires
Native Son: The Biography of a Young American: A Play in Eleven Scenes to Be Performed Without Intermission 9 exemplaires
The Man Who Was Almost a Man 5 exemplaires
Down by the Riverside 4 exemplaires
How "Bigger" was born; the story of Native son, one of the most significant novels of our time 3 exemplaires
Scoperte d'infanzia. Racconto 1 exemplaire
Wright Richard 1 exemplaire
Mi vida de negro 1 exemplaire
Długi sen 1 exemplaire
Sanje nekega življenja 1 exemplaire
Sangre negra 1 exemplaire
Fire and cloud 1 exemplaire
Five Famous Writers 1 exemplaire
Oeuvres associées
The Best American Short Stories of the Century (2000) — Contributeur — 1,576 exemplaires, 10 critiques
Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama (1995) — Contributeur, quelques éditions — 938 exemplaires, 7 critiques
Race, Class, and Gender in the United States: An Integrated Study (1992) — Contributeur, quelques éditions — 518 exemplaires
American Poetry: The Twentieth Century, Volume Two: E. E. Cummings to May Swenson (2000) — Contributeur — 410 exemplaires, 1 critique
Against Forgetting: Twentieth-Century Poetry of Witness (1993) — Contributeur — 338 exemplaires, 2 critiques
African American Poetry: 250 Years of Struggle and Song (2020) — Contributeur — 181 exemplaires, 4 critiques
The Best Short Stories by Black Writers, 1899-1967: The Classic Anthology (1967) — Contributeur — 177 exemplaires, 1 critique
From Totems to Hip-Hop: A Multicultural Anthology of Poetry Across the Americas 1900-2002 (2002) — Contributeur — 174 exemplaires
Black Metropolis: A Study of Negro Life in a Northern City (1993) — Introduction, quelques éditions — 162 exemplaires, 3 critiques
The Mark Twain Anthology: Great Writers on His Life and Work (2010) — Contributeur — 143 exemplaires, 1 critique
Growing Up in the South: An Anthology of Modern Southern Literature (1991) — Contributeur — 140 exemplaires, 1 critique
An American Album: One Hundred and Fifty Years of Harper's Magazine (2000) — Contributeur — 134 exemplaires, 1 critique
The Signet Classic Book of Southern Short Stories (1991) — Contributeur — 121 exemplaires, 1 critique
Black on White: Black Writers on What It Means to Be White (1998) — Contributeur — 121 exemplaires, 2 critiques
Black Nature: Four Centuries of African American Nature Poetry (2009) — Contributeur — 116 exemplaires
Calling the Wind: Twentieth Century African-American Short Stories (1992) — Contributeur — 102 exemplaires
In Search of Color Everywhere: A Collection of African-American Poetry (1994) — Contributeur — 100 exemplaires
Voices in Our Blood: America's Best on the Civil Rights Movement (2001) — Contributeur — 94 exemplaires
Go the Way Your Blood Beats: An Anthology of Lesbian and Gay Fiction by African-American Writers (1996) — Contributeur — 87 exemplaires
Bearing Witness: Selections from African-American Autobiography in the Twentieth Century (1991) — Contributeur — 69 exemplaires
The Heath Anthology of American Literature, Concise Edition (2003) — Contributeur — 69 exemplaires, 1 critique
Years of Protest: A Collection of American Writings of the 1930's (1967) — Contributeur — 39 exemplaires, 1 critique
Buzz Words: Poems About Insects (Everyman's Library Pocket Poets Series) (2021) — Contributeur — 36 exemplaires
Ebony Rising: Short Fiction of the Greater Harlem Renaissance Era (2004) — Contributeur — 16 exemplaires
Half-a-Hundred Stories for Men, Great Tales by American Writers (2005) — Contributeur — 16 exemplaires
Fifty Years of the American Short Story from the O. Henry Awards 1919-1970 (1970) — Contributeur — 13 exemplaires, 1 critique
The Best Short Stories of 1941 and the Yearbook of the American Short Story (1941) — Contributeur — 10 exemplaires
Black Metropolis: A Study of Negro Life in a Northern City, Volume I (1962) — Introduction, quelques éditions — 10 exemplaires, 1 critique
The Best Short Stories of 1939 and the Yearbook of the American Short Story (1939) — Contributeur — 7 exemplaires
Fifty Years of the American Short Story from the O. Henry Awards 1919-1970, Volume II (1970) — Contributeur — 5 exemplaires
Étiqueté
Partage des connaissances
- Nom canonique
- Wright, Richard
- Nom légal
- Wright, Richard Nathaniel
- Date de naissance
- 1908-09-04
- Date de décès
- 1960-11-28
- Lieu de sépulture
- Le Père Lachaise Cemetery, Paris, France
- Sexe
- male
- Nationalité
- USA (birth)
France (naturalized 1947) - Lieu de naissance
- Roxie, Mississippi, USA
- Lieu du décès
- Paris, France
- Cause du décès
- heart attack
- Lieux de résidence
- Jackson, Mississippi, USA
Chicago, Illinois, USA
New York, New York, USA
Paris, France - Études
- Lanier High School, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Professions
- novelist
short-story writer
poet
essayist
editor
postal clerk - Relations
- Wright, Malcolm (grandson)
- Organisations
- John Reed Club
Communist Party
National Negro Congress
South Side Writers Group (chairman)
Left Front (editor)
Daily Worker (editor) (tout afficher 7)
Works Progress Administration Federal Writers' Project - Prix et distinctions
- Spingarn Medal (1941)
Guggenheim Fellowship
Chicago Literary Hall of Fame (2010)
Story Prize (1938)
Membres
Critiques
Black Boy par Richard Wright
Roman autobiographique de l'auteur noir américain Richard Wright. Histoire terrible de l'enfance et de la jeunesse d'un Nègre dans le Mississippi à l’époque de la ségrégation raciale. Un monde marqué par les injustices économiques, sociales et raciales et sur lequel pèse le poids d'une morale rigidifiée.
Cross Damon, Noir de Chicago, est employé des P.T. T. Marié, père de trois enfants, il a séduit une fille de seize ans. Un hasard lui permet d'échapper aux conséquences de son acte : pris dans un accident de métro, il passe pour mort. Mais peut-on changer de personnalité ? Reconnu par un camarade, Cross le tue. Il s'enfuit à New York, réussit à se procurer des papiers et devient Lionel. Mis en rapport avec des communistes, Lionel est sollicité par eux de s'inscrire au parti. Mais une fatalité du crime semble peser sur Lionel, qui commet encore trois assassinats. Cependant, il a fait la connaissance du District-Attorney Houston, homme subtil, et il se trouve engagé avec lui dans un jeu étrange qui n'est pas sans rappeler celui que jouent Porphyre et Raskolnikov.… (plus d'informations)
Listes
Overdue Podcast (1)
Black Authors (1)
Read These Too (1)
Prix et récompenses
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Statistiques
- Œuvres
- 55
- Aussi par
- 72
- Membres
- 17,429
- Popularité
- #1,269
- Évaluation
- 4.0
- Critiques
- 220
- ISBN
- 353
- Langues
- 14
- Favoris
- 33
