Lewis Mumford (1895–1990)
Auteur de La cité à travers l'histoire
A propos de l'auteur
Lewis Mumford has been referred to as one of the twentieth century's most influential "public intellectuals." A thinker and writer who denied the narrowness of academic speciality, Mumford embraced a cultural analysis that integrated technology, the natural environment, the urban environment, the afficher plus individual, and the community. Although he lacked a formal university degree, Mumford wrote more than 30 books and 1,000 essays and reviews, which established his "organic" analysis of modern culture. His work defined the interdisciplinary studies movement, especially American studies; urban studies and city planning; architectural history; history of technology; and, most important in the present context, the interaction of science, technology, and society. Mumford was the editor of Dial, the most distinguished literary magazine of its era, and in 1920 he served as editor of Sociological Review in London and was strongly influenced by Sir Patrick Geddes, the Scottish botanist, sociologist, and town planner. In 1923, Mumford became a charter member of the Regional Planning Association of America, an experimental group that studied city problems from a regional as well as an ecological point of view. Mumford's well-known principle of "organicism" (the exploration of a cultural complex, where values, technology, individual personality, and the objective environment complement each other and together could build a world of fulfillment and beauty) was discussed in all of his work, spanning a career of nearly 70 years. Mumford's first book, The Story of Utopias (1922), introduces reliance on history to understand the present as well as to plan for the future. His books on architectural history and his works in urban studies established Mumford's reputation as the leading American critic of architecture and city planning. Each book views and analyzes the city, or built environment, in the context of form, function, and purpose within the larger culture. Mumford's books are focused on technology's role in civilization, especially "the machine" and "megatechnics." As a result, they have provided formative direction and structure to science, technology, and society studies and have established Mumford's stature as one of the foremost social critics of the twentieth century. Mumford's most profound and important analysis of technology (and the work that most directly influenced interdisciplinary technology-society studies) is the two-volume The Myth of the Machine:Volume 1, Technics and Human Development (1967), and Volume 2, The Pentagon of Power (1970). It was written following World War II (during which Mumford lost his son) after the deployment of atomic weapons by Russia and the United States, and during the arms race. This major work reflects a noticeable reinterpretation of the role of technology and a deep pessimism regarding "megatechnics," a metaphor Mumford uses for intrusive, all-encompassing systems of control and oppressive order. He views the military-industrial complex (the most horrendous "megamachine") as destroyer of the emotive and organic aspects of life. Mumford argues against the loss of personal autonomy and the organic world by electricity-based computer systems. Mumford died on January 26, 1990. (Bowker Author Biography) afficher moins
Séries
Œuvres de Lewis Mumford
Roots of Contemporary American Architecture: A Series of Thirty Seven Essays Dating from the Mid-Nineteenth Century to… (1950) 96 exemplaires
From The Ground Up: Observations On Contemporary Architecture, Housing, Highway Building, And Civic Design (1956) 80 exemplaires
America and Alfred Stieglitz: A Collective Portrait (1934) — Directeur de publication — 71 exemplaires
Interpretations and forecasts: 1922-1972;: Studies in literature, history, biography, technics, and contemporary… (1973) 65 exemplaires
Architecture as a home for man : essays for architectural record (1975) — Avant-propos — 25 exemplaires
Man as interpreter 11 exemplaires
The letters of Lewis Mumford and Frederic J. Osborn: a transatlantic dialogue, 1938-70 (1971) 8 exemplaires
Architecture, (Reading with a purpose) 4 exemplaires
La megamáquina 2 exemplaires
The Second American Caravan A Yearbook of American Literature (1928) — Directeur de publication — 2 exemplaires
Técnica y civilización Vol. I 2 exemplaires
Alternatives to the H-bomb 1 exemplaire
Authoritarian and Democratic Technics 1 exemplaire
1929 BIOGRAPHY HERMAN MELVILLE AUTHOR OF MOBY-DICK ILLUSTRATED LEWIS MUMFORD [Hardcover] LEWIS MUMFORD 1 exemplaire
Values for Survival Essays Addresses & 1 exemplaire
Back Bay Boston. The City as a Work of Art 1 exemplaire
Técnica y civilización Vol. II 1 exemplaire
The Morals of Extermination 1 exemplaire
A memorandum report on park and city planning 1 exemplaire
The Corruption of Liberalism 1 exemplaire
Thorstein Veblen 1 exemplaire
Autobiographical Writings of Lewis Mumford 1 exemplaire
In Old Friendship: The Correspondence of Lewis Mumford and Henry A Murray, 1928-1981 (2007) 1 exemplaire
The Disciple's Rebellion: A Memoir of Patrick Geddes 1 exemplaire
The social foundations of post-war building 1 exemplaire
Oeuvres associées
The Glorious American Essay: One Hundred Essays from Colonial Times to the Present (2020) — Contributeur — 83 exemplaires
In Search of the Simple Life: American Voices, Past and Present (1986) — Contributeur — 34 exemplaires
Lapham's Quarterly - The Future: Volume IV, Number 4, Fall 2011 (2011) — Contributeur — 23 exemplaires
Patrick Geddes in India — Introduction — 1 exemplaire
Étiqueté
Partage des connaissances
- Nom canonique
- Mumford, Lewis
- Nom légal
- Mumford, Lewis Charles
- Date de naissance
- 1895-10-19
- Date de décès
- 1990-01-26
- Sexe
- male
- Nationalité
- USA
- Lieu de naissance
- Flushing, New York, USA
- Lieu du décès
- Amenia, New York, USA
- Lieux de résidence
- Flushing, New York, USA
Amenia, New York, USA - Études
- City College of New York
New School for Social Research
Stuyvesant High School (1912) - Professions
- historian
sociologist
literary critic
architectural critic - Relations
- Mumford, Sophia (wife)
- Organisations
- United States Navy (WWI)
The New Yorker - Prix et distinctions
- National Medal of Arts (1986)
Presidential Medal of Freedom (1964)
Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (1975)
Prix mondial Cino Del Duca (1976)
Emerson-Thoreau Medal (1965)
Frank Jewett Mather Award (1963) (tout afficher 12)
National Book Award for Nonfiction (1962)
National Medal for Literature (1972)
American Academy of Arts and Letters (Literature ∙ 1930)
Leonardo da Vinci Medal (1969)
American Philosophical Society (1941)
American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1947)
Membres
Critiques
Thoughtful, reflective early.account of role of technologies in cultural development. Included speculations on how societies evolve, which have fared less well in scholarly evaluations.
Stieglitz as receiver and medium of new cultural ideas in the USA regarding photography and modern art. An odd character, but influential in artistic circles of his generation.
The hour is late for saving the human race from the possibility of wanton extermination or biological degradation; we must plan with a human purpose springing from divine inspiration.
Listes
Prix et récompenses
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Auteurs associés
Statistiques
- Œuvres
- 77
- Aussi par
- 14
- Membres
- 5,361
- Popularité
- #4,647
- Évaluation
- 4.0
- Critiques
- 26
- ISBN
- 195
- Langues
- 16
- Favoris
- 9
He had some interesting ideas about designing spaces that are protected from motor vehicle traffic (pointing to Rotterdam as a good example), and "mixed neighborhoods, able to sustain more than one urban function and demanding far less vehicular transportation". He also had some ideas I didn't like, such as building small "New Towns" outside large cities to draw people away and avoid the need to build tall apartments in the big cities.
With a title like "The Highway and The City" I expected there to be more about transit, zoning, governance, and the like.… (plus d'informations)