Moses MaimonidesCritiques

In quest'opera Maimonide enuncia la dottrina etica dell'ebraismo. Sentendo l'intimo legame fra l'uomo e Dio e respingendo il concetto di una morale autonoma e utilitaristica, egli rivolge la sua attenzione ai moventi spirituali che determinano l'azione morale, arrivando ad affermare che la vera moralità si attua nel fare il bene per il bene, senza attendersi da ciò altra conseguenza che non sia quella derivante dalla stessa esecuzione dell'azione morale. Attraverso vere e proprie dissertazioni sui diversi temi di etica che danno il titolo agli otto capitoli, Maimonide sottolinea la necessità che l'uomo conosca il proprio "io" più intimo per poter accedere alla vera dimensione etica, in cui le azioni sono strumenti di elevazione spirituale. In questo sforzo di innalzamento, l'uomo, armonizzando le proprie energie spirituali, sarà in grado di vivere lontano da qualsiasi eccesso e riuscirà ad acquisire una percezione di Dio adeguata al proprio potenziale spirituale. (fonte: retro di copertina)

Come dare un 'giudizio' a un'opera di questo calibro?
Rendere 'giustizia', con poche parole, sarebbe solamente per 'grazia'.

Da riprendere e tenere alla portata di mano, una pietra che potrebbe essere considerata di fondamento per ogni intelletto.

Un testo che occupa sia spazio che tempo ma su cui puoi tranquillamente appurare la non appartenenza allo spazio e al tempo.

Buona Lettura

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Looking to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy and Jewish theology, Moses Maimonides wrote The Guide for the Perplexed. A three part letter to his student, the book was influential not only to Jewish thought but Christian and Islamic thought throughout the Middle Ages while still giving those in the 21st Century insights to consider.

The first part focuses on Maimonides arguing against the anthropomorphism of God, basically stating God is incorporeal, and all references in the Bible to God doing physical things are essentially figurative language to allow the human mind to understand the works of God. This leads into a discussion by Maimonides that states that God cannot be described in positive terms only negative conceptions because while positive terms put limits on God, the negative does not. This leads into a discussion of philosophy and mysticism of various kinds. The second part begins on Maimonides expounding on the physical structure of the universe, an essentially Aristotelian world-view, which eventually leads into a debate on if the universe is eternal or created. Though Maimonides admits that Aristotle’s arguments for an eternal universe are better, Divine Revelation decides the matter. Maimonides then expounds on the Creation presented in Genesis and theories on the possible end of the world. The last part is explained as the climax of the whole work as Maimonides expounds on the mystical passage of the Chariot found in Ezekiel, which isn’t supposed to be directly taught only hinted at though over time direct instruction has become the normal. This is followed by analysis of the moral aspects of the universe and explaining the reasons for the 613 laws in the Torah. Maimonides ends the book with how God is worshipped correctly, through wisdom.

The comparison of and thesis of complimenting of long held Jewish theological thought and Aristotelian philosophy by Maimonides could have been hard to follow, the text was more than readable and thus the arguments very understandable. While his arguments and logic are insight and enlightening, Maimonides is yet another religious individual who has married ‘pagan’ philosophy with divine revelation to the determinant of the latter like many of his Christian contemporaries were doing and their predecessors before them and many would do after. This is the book’s biggest flaw, but instead of being a reason not to read it is the main one to read it and thus understand the arguments of those who want to merge two separate worldviews into one.

The Guide for the Perplexed was intended by Maimonides for learned individuals to give his view on philosophy more than theology, however the two could not be connected within the text. While I do not adhere to the vast majority of the thoughts the author expounded upon, the insight into medieval thought were invaluable and insightful.

GUÍA DE DESCARRIADOS

Guía de descarriados es un tratado filosófico en el que Maimónides armonizó los fundamentos de la religión mosaica con el racionalismo aristotélico y averroísta, como una forma de acercarse a Dios. El autor cordobés, heredero del legado cultural judío en la diáspora sefardí, brindó respuestas concretas al judío creyente que se sintió agitado y perplejo porque su doctrina religiosa había entrado en colisión con los postulados filosóficos. Maimónides se sirvió de la metáfora de la almendra para explicar su método filosófico. El vulgo iletrado se enredará en la rigidez de la cáscara y no apreciará la riqueza del fruto, el contenido esotérico. Incluso el iniciado insatisfecho de la fe mosaica que buscaba respuestas en las meditaciones filosóficas podría sentirse azorado por la belleza de la corteza, pero una vez que el sabio maestro le confiase la llave podría abrir la cancela al mundo de la meditación, esclarecer la causa de su turbación y salir de su estado de perplejidad.

MAIMONIDES :

nació en Córdoba el 30 de marzo de 1138, en el seno de una distinguida familia, por vía paterna, de jueces rabínicos, estudiosos y dirigentes comunitarios, documentada desde el siglo X y que pretendía descender del Rabí Yehudá ha-Nasí, de la segunda mitad del siglo II, redactor de la Mishná. Su familia materna, por el contrario, era de humilde condición; su madre, que murió al darle a luz, era la hija de un carnicero; y su padre se volvió a casar. Era éste un erudito formado en Lucena por Rabí Yosef ha-Leví ibn Migash. Inició ya de pequeño sus estudios bíblicos y talmúdicos en la ciudad de Córdoba, pero en 1148 una ola de fanatismo almohade hizo que su familia tuviera que aparentar su conversión al Islam y cambiar a menudo de residencia por al-Ándalus.

Vivió en la ciudad de Almería, donde dio cobijo en su casa a su maestro Averroes, hasta trasladarse en 1160 con sus hijos a Fez. Allí residió durante sólo cinco años, debido a la intolerancia almohade que les obligó a exiliarse, primero durante unos meses, en Palestina y finalmente en Egipto. Maimónides residió allí el resto de su vida junto a su familia, en la ciudad de Alejandría y después en Fustat (hoy El Cairo, Egipto), donde se ganó la vida ejerciendo la medicina en la corte del visir Saladino, y luego en la del visir al-Fadl, hijo mayor de Saladino. Con este oficio obtuvo una gran fama y admiración popular. En 1177 fue nombrado dirigente de la comunidad judía de Egipto. Murió en Al-Fustat el 13 de diciembre de 1204. Posteriormente su tumba fue trasladada a Tiberíades, en el actual Israel.

Su fama en la cultura europea se debe a su obra filosófica. Aunque ésta fuera muy discutida por el judaísmo, entre otras razones por su fuerte oposición al misticismo de los cabalistas y su influencia aristotélica, se le considera la mayor figura posbíblica (según el proverbio “De Moisés a Moisés no hubo otro Moisés”). En ciertos ámbitos más conservadores se le llegó a considerar hereje de su religión, en especial, por ser el responsable de convencer a los caraístas de apartarse de sus prácticas originales, y acercándolos al judaísmo rabínico.
Fue muy conocido por sus coetáneos como médico, dejando una importante huella en la tradición popular que muestra a Maimónides, sobre todo, como un médico a quien se atribuyen milagros que le elevan al nivel de santo, un sabio juez y un rabino...

Γλώσσα πρωτοτύπου: εβραϊκά
Τίτλος πρωτοτύπου: Sefer ha-Mada (Mishneh Tora)
ISBN 960-7720-57-1, ISBN-13 978-960-7720-57-3 (Μαλακό εξώφυλλο) [Κυκλοφορεί]
€ 20,00 (Τελ. ενημ: 16/5/2011) · Η τιμή περιλαμβάνει Φ.Π.A. 6,5%.

I used to have quite a thing for reading Maimonides, but not much has stuck with me. Just one sentence from the Pirkei Avot, which gave me great comfort when my father died. It went something like this: the table is set with linen and crystal, there is wine and food, the guests are seated and all that remains is for you to join them.

Reading used to be simpler. One just had to find a comfortable chair, turn on a good reading light, open the book and read. Now reading has become a project or rather, in my case, two projects.

First, I am reading The Guide of the Perplexed by Moses Maimonides. The edition we (the reading is part of a class in the Basic Program of Liberal Education of the University of Chicago) are using is the translation by Shlomo Pines.
A close reading of this two volume work requires not only attention to the text, but accompanying support of the following volumes from my library: The Oxford NIV Schofield Study Bible, my (two volume) edition of the Complete Works of Aristotle; Geddes MacGregor's Dictionary of Religion and Philosophy; and an English language dictionary. The translator's introduction suggests that I may have further recourse to Plato, Epicurus, Galen and others (this may require a camp out at the Chicago Public Library). Admittedly, these are requirements for reading a serious work of philosophy that inter alia attempts to reconcile the old testament prophets with ancient Greek philosophy.

Wow! If I could give more stars to this book, I would. Moreh Nevuchim helps to dispel common misconceptions people have over passages in the Torah/Bible. Ultimately, the goal of Rambam, is to help the reader achieve a level where they can have a true knowledge of Hashem, and to dispel of preconceived ideas of Hashem which ultimately lead to avodah zara. The english in this version of the book is a bit archaic, so you might to read Shlomo Pines version, which I plan to do next.

a classic text

I purchased this book in about 1960 for a course on comparative religion that I took as an undergraduate. More than 50 years and innumerable moves, it is still with me.. the price was $1.85.

Maimonides

I own an edition from the 1960's in paperback.