T. M. Scanlon

A relationship [...] is a matter not only of what one does, or intends to do, but also of the reasons for which one does these things.

Scanlon gives a very persuasive account of permissibility and meanings of actions. His account of blameworthiness and blame are also compelling, but some of the details seem to me a little dubious. Specifically, I am skeptical that people can be blamed for things that are not under their control. That being said, Scanlon's arguments are the most convincing that I have read that show how that it might be possible to do so. All in all, I highly recommend this book for anyone interested in the diverse character of our moral experience, specifically when it comes to our moral attitudes and blaming practices.… (plus d'informations)

While it is up to us to judge whether appropriate reasons for [judgement-sensitive attitudes] are or are not present, it is not generally within our power to make it the case that these reasons are or are not there; this depends on facts outside us.

While I found "Part I: Reasons and Values" much more interesting than the heart of the contractualist theory of right and wrong in Part II, What We Owe to Each Other is undeniably an important piece of moral philosophy. Scanlon is deliberate and clear in his prose, though occasionally overwrought.

For example, the definition of his theory is defined in the negative: "An act is wrong if its performance under the circumstances would be disallowed by any set of principles for the general regulation of behavior that no one could reasonably reject as a basis for informed, unforced, general agreement." If you followed that on the first read, then you'll have no problem with the rest of the book. If you're like me and have trouble following double and triple negations, then be prepared to re-read sections. That being said, the book is crucial for anyone interested in contemporary ethical theory.… (plus d'informations)