Muhammad (–0632)
Auteur de De Koran
A propos de l'auteur
The Arabs of pre-Islamic times needed a hero capable of assuming a tripartite role. First, he had to be a political leader in order to establish a united Arab nation; second, he had to be a military genius who could transform the Arab raiding capacity into a fighting force capable of advancing the afficher plus Arabs as a whole; and third, he had to be a religious leader with divine authority to receive support beyond tribal boundaries. When Muhammad was born in Mecca, that great trade center was already the focus of religious piety attached to the Kaaba, the Holy Rock, and its pantheon of tribal deities, of whom Allah was one. The future Prophet of Islam was orphaned at an early age and was raised by his grandfather and uncle, both of whom were prominent members of the Quraysh, the tribe responsible for maintaining the Kaaba and its lands and sacred well. Under their guardianship, Muhammad grew up in an atmosphere of religious excitement. Possibly from Jews and Christians who visited or dwelt in Mecca, possibly from contacts made with them on his travels, Muhammad learned something of the biblical faith. In his twenties, he married the wealthy widow Khadijah, who freed him from financial concern, supported his meditations, bore him seven children, and became his first and most fervent follower. In a cave on Mount Hira near Mecca, where Muhammad often withdrew for meditation, he experienced a vision of the angel Gabriel calling him to prophesy. When he felt convinced that the revelation was genuine, Muhammad began to preach, proclaiming Allah as the one true God, the same God who had revealed himself to Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. It was his monotheism that aroused the fury of the inhabitants of Mecca, whose livelihood depended in part on pilgrims who came to worship the gods of the Kaaba. Muhammad was forced to flee Mecca in 622. From this event, known as the Hegira, Islam dates its calendar. It marks the beginning of the Muhammadan era. The Prophet found refuge in Medina and there established his theocracy. There, too, he began to develop his theory of Holy War (jihad). He assembled an army and in 630 marched against Mecca. He easily conquered the city, purged the Kaaba of pagan gods, and pronounced the brotherhood of all who became Muslims. He was well on his way to unifying the divergent Arab tribes when he died suddenly of an unknown cause (according to one legend, poisoned by a woman who sought to test his ability to prophesy the future). The sacred book of Islam, the Koran, is written in classical Arabic and considered to be the most influential book in the world after the Bible. The faithful believe that it was revealed by God to his Prophet Muhammad, who in turn revealed it to his adherents. The 114 separate surahs, or chapters, which make up the book are said to have been written down first on pieces of paper (papyrus), stones, palm leaves, rib bones, pieces of leather, "as well as upon the hearts of men." After the Prophet's death, the book was edited and arranged by Muhammad's secretary, Zaid ibn Thabit, on the orders of the caliph Abu Bakr. (Bowker Author Biography) afficher moins
Crédit image: Courtesy of the NYPL Digital Gallery (image use requires permission from the New York Public Library)
Œuvres de Muhammad
Breviario 3 exemplaires
Le Koran, traduit de l'arabe, accompagné de notes, précédé de la vie de Mahomet par M. Savary 2 exemplaires
The Koran: commonly called the alkoran of Muhammed 1 exemplaire
The Third World Security Predicament: State Making, Regional Conflict, and the International System 1 exemplaire
Instagram as Non-Photography 1 exemplaire
Beyond Jesus to Muhammad Revised Edition 1 exemplaire
The Quran with Surah Introductions and Appendices 1 exemplaire
CMOS High Efficiency On-chip Power Management 1 exemplaire
The June Rebellion in Egypt 1 exemplaire
Cultivating Genius 1 exemplaire
The Noble Quran 1 exemplaire
Little Qu'ran 1 exemplaire
Oeuvres associées
Lapham's Quarterly - The Future: Volume IV, Number 4, Fall 2011 (2011) — Contributeur — 23 exemplaires
Étiqueté
Partage des connaissances
- Date de naissance
- ca. 570
- Date de décès
- 0632-06-08
- Sexe
- male
- Nationalité
- Arabia
- Pays (pour la carte)
- Saudi Arabia
- Lieu de naissance
- Mecca
- Lieu du décès
- Medina, Arabia
Membres
Discussions
Depicting the Prophet Muhammad à Let's Talk Religion (Février 2015)
Critiques
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Auteurs associés
Statistiques
- Œuvres
- 38
- Aussi par
- 1
- Membres
- 206
- Popularité
- #107,332
- Évaluation
- 3.3
- Critiques
- 2
- ISBN
- 36
- Langues
- 4