Much of the material written about the impact of artificial intelligence on higher education has been filled with overly pessimistic doom and gloom. Brave New Words presents a breath of air in that sense, clearly explaining how the Khan Academy non-profit has partnered with OpenAI in order to offer the best possible integration of AI and education. How they're approaching it is definitely admirable and I'm happy to see someone is taking a positive approach to this.

If all you've seen in the headlines are negatives about AI and education, this book will provide a very welcome alternative view. In short, I actually think every educator should read this book, considering the educational role that Khan Academy plays now and will likely continue to play in the future as it adopts AI.

Nonetheless, this book is so optimistic about how widespread AI use can be and the number of problems it will tackle, that this actually raised new concerns for me. These go far beyond the typical concerns about plagiarism and replacing teachers that have been written about most frequently. I'll give a few examples.

1. Khan sees this technology being used not just in the classroom, but as a way to help parents monitor their children's progress, offer therapy, and even facilitate conversation among families. These are helpful, it's argued, because of the anxiety of speaking in class, or the difficulty of getting our kids to tell us about their day. The book only briefly notes the negative of more screen time here, but there has already been serious research that raises concerns far beyond that. Sherry Turkle, for example, has written in the book Alone Together about how when we converse with machines precisely because it is easier, we lose the important skills that are needed to communicate face-to-face with others. If we can't converse with our own kids without AI intervention, we have lost something significant, not gained something. Meta (and other researchers) are already working on designing glasses that can listen to your conversation and then tell you how to respond to those with whom you're speaking.

2. This book also sets up some straw men when discussing why people don't like standardized testing. The main concern isn't about the actual standardization, it's the way it has led to explicitly teaching to the test, and how student promotion to the next grade level, teacher evaluations (and their associated employment), and school district funding have all been linked to the outcomes of these tests. Despite that oversight, Khan does suggest some approaches to adopting AI that would mitigate at least some of these challenges.

3. The vision presented for the future of the job application and hiring process is rosier than I could possibly ever imagine, and doesn't note the ways AI has already made this process dystopian in the present. Already, we have big data and AI finding absurd correlations, such as the fact that people who submit applications using a web browser installed by default tend to leave a job more quickly than those who install a different browser. We also have AI programs that analyze applicants' social media presence and the content of that to create reports about their predicted personality and leadership skills. This goes beyond the advice to avoid posting pictures of yourself drinking or even avoiding being on social media (that was so 2010s). Instead, it means that to have a better chance in being hired, you must have a social media presence, you must positively interact with a network of others in a publicly visible way, and your writing patterns must match some personality profile a black-boxed AI has determined will mean you're a team player (this review probably doesn't match that). But even these already existing uses of AI are not addressed.

4. Near the end, Khan argues the invention of generative AI means we're either heading to a Star Trek like utopia or a populist hell. I've been re-reading Fahrenheit 451 with my kids. I'll juxtapose two quotes.

"It [generative AI] could reformulate the news article they are reading closer to their grade level, potentially leaving out age-inappropriate details." -- Brave New Words, Salman Khan

"Classics cut to fifteen-minute radio shows, then cut again to fill a two-minute book column, winding up at last as a ten- or twelve-line dictionary resume... Many were those whose sole knowledge of Hamlet... was a one-page digest." - Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury

To conclude, I do think this is a book everyone should read. I'm in awe of Khan's optimism, and it's worth hearing how he describes his vision. At the same time, it worries me that someone who spends so much time thinking about this has either skipped over or chosen not to discuss some of the serious challenges (not fluffy think pieces) that are already present in our world due to AI. ( )