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Chargement... Revolutionary nativism : fascism and culture in China, 1925-1937par Maggie Clinton
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In Revolutionary Nativism Maggie Clinton traces the history and cultural politics of fascist organizations that operated under the umbrella of the Chinese Nationalist Party (GMD) during the 1920s and 1930s. Clinton argues that fascism was not imported to China from Europe or Japan; rather it emerged from the charged social conditions that prevailed in the country's southern and coastal regions during the interwar period. These fascist groups were led by young militants who believed that reviving China's Confucian "national spirit" could foster the discipline and social cohesion necessary to defend China against imperialism and Communism and to develop formidable industrial and military capacities, thereby securing national strength in a competitive international arena. Fascists within the GMD deployed modernist aesthetics in their literature and art while justifying their anti-Communist violence with nativist discourse. Showing how the GMD's fascist factions popularized a virulently nationalist rhetoric that linked Confucianism with a specific path of industrial development, Clinton sheds new light on the complex dynamics of Chinese nationalism and modernity. Aucune description trouvée dans une bibliothèque |
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To be simple about it, the CC Clique were essentially aspirant technocrats with Fordist tendencies, whereas the Blue Shirts came out of the Whampoa Military Academy and who had come see the common front with the Chinese Communist Party as merely opening up China to another avenue of imperialist aggression. Besides that though, what these factions had in common was a belief that there was a certain Chinese essential character that transcended the whole of Chinese history, they believed in top-down solutions to social problems, and they believed that emergency measures were needed to sustain the Chinese state; justifying the eliminationist politics of Nanjing's "white terror" against the CCP.
What made the program of these factions "revolutionary," and not just hard-knuckled authoritarianism, is that they proclaimed their own rejection of the "feudal" elements of China's imperial part. They believed in modern technology and industry. Their aesthetics were contemporary stream-line "moderne." Finally, they believed that Western Liberalism had also failed China, so there was a deep suspicion of the great capitalist powers. The basic problem is that they never had quite enough time to produce a fascism that could be used to mobilize the masses, before the 1937 war with Japan commenced.
Clinton finishes her book by considering how the program of the hard-liners of the KMT might be reflected in the acts of the CCP successor state, besides making further suggestion for research. She does touch on questions of gender and the KMT's beliefs in terms of "managing" the female body; that could probably be a book in and of itself. ( )