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The scholar A. J. Ayer's comprehensive study of the life and works of David Hume opens up an important area of British philosophical thinking and makes available one of Britain's greatest thinkers to a wide audience.
1. Prefata - pag. 5 2. Viata si personalitatea lui Hume - pag. 7 3. Scopuri si metode - pag. 21 4. Corpuri si euri - pag. 41 5. Cauza si efect - pag. 61 6. Morala, politica si religie - pag. 82
After a short introductory chapter on Hume's life, the book consists of transcripts of 4 lectures Ayer gave on Hume and it shows. It is very much Ayer's assessment of Hume and where he agrees and disagrees philosophically with him rather than an introduction to Hume. ( )
NBD|Biblion: De gezaghebbende Britse filosoof Ayer opent met een uitgebreide opsomming van de levensloop van zijn grote voorganger Hume (1711-1776), en maakt vervolgens duidelijk dat Hume beweert dat de menselijke rede niet bij machte is om te bewijzen dat er een wereld buiten onze geest bestaat of dat er een God is. Terecht veel aandacht krijgt Humes opvatting over causaliteit: een noodzakelijke band tussen oorzaak en gevolg is niet aan te tonen. Alles wat bestaat is opeenvolging, de rest is gewenning. In een te kort hoofdstuk worden dan Humes opvattingen over moraal besproken. Ayer voelt zich erg verwant met Humes standpunten. Dat is goed te merken. Hij verdedigt Hume, soms tegen beter weten in. Het boek is duidelijk geschreven. Bedoeld als inleiding lijkt het me toch iets te gecomprimeerd. Deel uit een reeks van vijf inleidingen tot belangrijke filosofen (Plato, Marx, Hume, Montaigne, Wittgenstein), die ook als set te koop zijn*.
Ik moet het er mee eens zijn, er zijn beter inleidingen verkrijgbaar, maar dit lijkt ook onder critici de consensus te zijn. Als je echt een beeld van hume wil hebben zul ej toch naar de iets zwaardere lectuur moeten. ( )
Informations provenant du Partage des connaissances anglais.Modifiez pour passer à votre langue.
David Hume, to my mind the greatest of all British philosophers, was born in Edinburgh on what, in the old calendar, was 26 April 1711.
Citations
Informations provenant du Partage des connaissances anglais.Modifiez pour passer à votre langue.
Hume's gift for irony matches that of his fellow historian Edward Gibbon, and like Gibbon he is most ready to display it when he writes about religion. Thus in his essay 'On the Immortality of the Soul', which we have seen that he refrained from publishing during his lifetime, he remarkss that 'Nothing could set in a fuller light the infinite obligations which mankind have to Divine revelation; since we find, that no other medium could ascertain this great and important truth'. More straightforwardlly, he concludes the chapter of the Enquiry in which he has shown that there cannot be an justification for a belief in miracles by asserting 'that the Christian Religion not only was first attended with miracles, but even to this day cannot be believed by any reasonable person without one. (Chap.2, "Aims and Methods")
Hume is consistently hostile to Christianity, both on intellectual and on moral grounds. Thus in his essay "The Natural History of Religion', he quotes with approval the verdict of 'Averroes, the famous Arabian', 'that of all religions, the most absurd and nonsensical is that, whose votaries eat, after having created their deity' and adds for his own part 'that there is no tenet in all paganizm which would give so fair a scope to ridicule as that of the real prescence; for it is so absurd that it eludes the force of all argument.' (Chap.2, "Aims and Methods")
For a start, there are the assumptions involved in characterizing anything as a physical object of an observable kind. It has to be accessible to more than one sense and to any suitably equipped observer. It has to be capable of existing unperceived. It has to occupy a position or series of positions in three-dimensional space and to persist throughout some period of time. (Chap.3, "Bodies and Selves")
Hume accords the phenomenon of constancy the primary role in causing the imagination to transform impressions into enduring objects, but he does not think it sufficient on its own. It is adided in its work by what he calls coherence, of which he gives two examples. The first example is that of his returning to his room after an hour's absence to find that his fire is burning less brightly. Since he has frequently witnessed the process of his fire's dying down, his imagination fills in the gap. (Chap.3, "Bodies and Selves")
Derniers mots
Informations provenant du Partage des connaissances anglais.Modifiez pour passer à votre langue.
Commit it then to the flames: for it can contain nothing but sophistry and illusion.
The scholar A. J. Ayer's comprehensive study of the life and works of David Hume opens up an important area of British philosophical thinking and makes available one of Britain's greatest thinkers to a wide audience.
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1. Prefata - pag. 5
2. Viata si personalitatea lui Hume - pag. 7
3. Scopuri si metode - pag. 21
4. Corpuri si euri - pag. 41
5. Cauza si efect - pag. 61
6. Morala, politica si religie - pag. 82
7. Lecturi recomandate - pag. 105
8. Index - pag. 106