The goal of "Free Time" is to remind us about "the forgotten American Dream," which is not, as you might think, home ownership. As I learned from the book, once upon a time, and for well over a hundred years, the most fervent hope of working class America was to be able to spend less time at work. I found it fascinating to learn that, as the Industrial Revolution brought in automation and a reduction in the need for labor, pretty much everybody believed that the future would certainly lead to a shorter and shorter work week. Eventually, we'd all work just a few hours a week. Not a few hours a *day*, but a *week*. This idea held sway for such a long time (up until the end of WWII more or less), it's a wonder it has disappeared from the history books and from our collective memory. The history of this idea takes up most of this book, and is fascinating reading. What's puzzling about this book is that the author seems to believe that we lost our way, pretty much due to FDR caving on a bill that would have led to shorter work hours as a way to increase employment. Instead, FDR flip-flopped and began to espouse a "Full Time - Full Employment" philosophy, which has been our mantra ever since. We lost sight of the original American Dream. What happened, it seems to me, is that as technology began to produce more and newer things, we began to want more and newer things. It's basically human nature, to continue to grasp after that which we do not have. It's a vicious circle. We would be happy if only we had [new product, new home, new spouse, new job]. Then we get that thing, and soon realize, no that wasn't what would make me happy, it's [some other new product, etc.].

This is so obvious that I don't understand how the author could fail to see it. His heart is in the right place, certainly. We would all be much better off if we could learn to be happy with less, to realize happiness doesn't come from material things. Yet Hunnicutt seems to think that it was FDR that duped us, and ad men who misled us, and we just need to get back on the right path. He writes:

"Scarcity has not always seemed to be eternal—it was not always understood as the everlasting human condition or the foundation of our nation’s economy. For the most part, perpetual scarcity is a twentieth-century invention. Before then, most Americans assumed that it would be possible for reasonable people to eventually satisfy their needs as the economy and technology improved and the nation advanced. Traditionally, too much wealth, too much materialism, was understood to impede human progress, leading to greed and envy (twin sins that fed on each other), luxury, indolence, and the slavery of selfishness."

At a time when wealth becomes ever more concentrated and greed grows ever stronger, it's hard not to agree with that last statement. America has become much too selfish, and has lost its way, no question. But as I write this, America has just gone through yet another Black Friday weekend, and the consumer feeding frenzy that is the "Holiday Season" is in full swing. It is somehow fitting that the time of year once reserved for reverencing the Christian values of humility, charity, and love is now the time when we give full vent to our insatiable consuming hunger. Americans work more now than they have since the 1920's, six weeks more per year than their European counterparts. And why do we work 40, 50, 60 hours a week? To make more money, of course. To buy things.

"Free Time" is an odd book, in that it contains a very detailed history of an idea, which is followed by a completely mistaken interpretation of the data. I have to think the author was letting his own desire for things to be different color his thinking. This does not detract much, however, from a valuable addition to research into the labor movement and the history of ideas in America. Worth your time, if you've got some to spare. ( )