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Syllogismes de l'amertume

par E. M. Cioran

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383667,154 (3.96)5
Now in paperback, an "antidote to a world gone mad for bedside affirmation" (Washington Post). E. M. Cioran has been called the last worthy disciple of Nietzsche and "a sort of final philosopher of the Western world" who "combines the compassion of poetry and the audacity of cosmic clowning" (Washington Post). All Gall Is Divided is the second book Cioran published in French after moving from his native Romania and establishing himself in Paris. It revealed him as an aphorist in a long tradition descending from the ancient Greeks through La Rochefoucault but with a gift for lacerating, subversively off-kilter insights, a twentieth-century nose for the absurdities of the human condition, and what Baudelaire called "spleen." The aphorisms collected here address themes from the atrophy of utterance and the condition of the West to the abyss, solitude, time, religion, music, the vitality of love, history, and the void. The award-winning poet and translator Richard Howard has characterized them as "manic humor, howls of pain, and a vestige of tears," but, as he notes too, in these expressions of the philosopher's existential estrangement, there glows "a certain sweetness for all of what Cioran calls 'amertume.'"… (plus d'informations)
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A estrutura simples e abordagem aforística do livro tornam a leitura de Cioran perfeita para os momentos de descanso ou cansaço, quando não se quer mais saber de nada ou não se quer esquentar demais a própria cabeça lendo algo mais denso. Isso pode deixar claro para alguns leitores simpáticos a Cioran que eu não acho a sua leitura muito "deprimente", "pesada" ou qualquer coisa do tipo, contrariamente ao que eles talvez pensem (não que eu queria encaixar todos os apreciadores do autor nesta ideia). Certamente, o que deixa claro pra mim é que ler Cioran não vai além de um passa-tempo (bastante agradável, por sinal).

Quanto ao conteúdo do livro, não farei o esforço de separar todos os tópicos nem o de discutir a divisão de capítulos e as razões por trás disso. O que eu consigo fazer é separar a totalidade dos aforismos em três categorias: (I) aqueles que parecem dizer algo verdadeiro (mas talvez não muito interessante), (II) aqueles que são obviamente falsos e (III) aqueles que parecem dizer algo tão específico sobre o próprio autor que vão além da minha compreensão. Boa parte é escrita de forma bastante agradável e memorável.* Eu aprecio o humor ácido de Cioran nos seus momentos sarcásticos ou "cínicos", assim como os aforismos mais enigmáticos e poéticos que parecem exibir um lado mais vulnerável ou instável de sua pessoa. Apesar de nenhum destes aforismos ter realmente me afetado, seria uma mentira de minha parte dizer que estive em algum momento entediado com a leitura (a exceção notável é a maioria dos aforismos sobre o ocidente e história).

O motivo de uma nota morna vem claramente do meu viés sobre filosofia (estou assumindo por brevidade que isso se trata de um livro de filosofia). Eu não vejo nada de intelectualmente interessante nesse livro; talvez isso seja porque apenas os livros de filosofia que tem algum tipo de problemática bem formulada, assim como a apresentação de alguma hipótese, de argumentos e de objeções tenham realmente me interessado. Eu não sei. De modo algum quero implicar que filosofia só se trata disso (apesar de eu estar convencido de que ela envolve algum tipo de problema específico); antes, eu só quero dizer com isso que a abordagem aforística de Cioran para discutir estes tópicos não me interessa muito de um ponto de vista teórico. Quando o que você tem é um apanhado de proposições curtas, não articuladas (às vezes enigmáticas) e sem qualquer argumentação de suporte, o que lhe resta é somente aceitar ou rejeitar arbitrariamente qualquer pensamento que o livro jogar em sua direção, o que é um tanto frustrante pra mim. Eu ainda creio, no entanto, que Cioran se aproxima de verdades profundas (e verdades nem tão profundas) em alguns momentos desse livro. Saber expressá-las na lata é certamente um mérito seu.

Uma vez, li uma pessoa caracterizar Debord e Nietzsche como bathroom reading. Eu não sei bem o que pensar muito disso, mas creio que algo parecido se aplica a Cioran no sentido de que ele é (ao menos para mim) um caso exemplar de "bed-reading".

--

The simple structure and aphoristic approach make the book a perfect reading for those moments when you're tired or just want to read something not too complex or consuming, during those moments when you just want to chill out a bit. This may give the impression, contrary to what many think (specially a good portion of those who are sympathetic to Cioran) that I don't find his reading "depressing", "dense" or whatever. In any case, what's clear to me is that reading Cioran doesn't go beyond the level of a (highly pleasant) pastime.

As for the book's contents: I won't do the effort of distinguishing all of the topics or discuss the way the chapters are divided and the reasons for which they are divided. All I can do is divide all of the aphorisms into three categories: (I) those that seem to be saying something true (but maybe not very interesting); (II) those that are obviously false; (III) those that seem to be something so private to the author they go beyond my comprehension. Most of them are written in a very elegant, pleasant and memorable manner.* I really appreciate Cioran's use of acid humor when he's at his most sarcastic, but I also really like his more enigmatic and subjective aphorisms, which tend to show a more vulnerable and unstable side of his character. Even though none of them really affected me, I would be lying if said that at some point I was bored reading this (there were moments of exception, though. The sections on the West and history didn't really interest me).

The reason for such a lukewarm score becomes clear in light of my bias on philosophy (I'm going to assume for brevity's sake that this counts as an instance of a philosophical text). I don't really see anything of great intellectual value here; maybe this is because the only philosophy books that seem to interest me are the ones that feature well-formulated problems and questions, explanations, pro/con arguments, etc. I don't know. I don't want to imply that philosophy can be simply reduced to these aspects (even though I'm convinced that well-formulated problems are a crucial part of it); I'm only saying rather that Cioran's aphoristic approach to these topics is not really the kind of thing that interests me from a theoretical point of view. When all you have is just short and mostly enigmatic propositions with no reasoning to back them up, most of the book becomes a matter of arbitrarily accepting or rejecting whatever thought he throws at you, and that's quite frustrating to me. I do think, however, that sometimes Cioran seems to be getting really close to some deep (and maybe some not so deep) truths about ourselves. So at least he knows how to express them the short way.

I once read someone characterize Debord and Nietzsche as bathroom reading. I'm not sure what to think of this, but I believe that something similar applies to Cioran, in the sense that his books make a great "bed-reading".

--

*Alguns aforismos que, na minha opinião, parecem capturar algo de verdadeiro (mesmo que às vezes apenas parcialmente). As páginas se referem à edição Folio Essais de 1987

[Here are some aphorisms that, in my opinion, seem to capture some truths (even if only partially). Pages refer to the 1987 Folio Essais edition]:

Ce qui nous distingue de nos prédecesseurs, c'est notre sans-gêne à l'égard du Mystère. Nous l'avons même débaptisé: ainsi est né l'Absurde... (p. 23)

Une vogue philosophique s'impose comme une vogue gastronomique: on ne réfute pas plus une idée qu'une sauce. (p. 31)

Si loin s'étend la mort, tant elle prend de place, que je ne sais plus où mourir. (p. 34)

Tout problème profane un mystère; à son tour, le problème est profané par sa solution. (p. 40)

Vient l'heure où le sceptique, après avoir mis tout en question, n'a plus de quoi douter; et c'est alors qu'il suspend pour de bon son jugement. Que reste-t-il? S'amuser ou s'engourdir, -- la frivolité ou l'animalité. (p. 47)

Je ne suis moi-même qu'au-dessus ou au-dessus de moi, dans la rage ou l'abattement; à mon niveau habituel, j'ignore que j'existe. (p. 53)

Notre époque sera marquée par le romantisme des apatrides. Dèja se forme l'image d'un univers où plus personne n'aura droit de cité. Dans tout citoyen d'aujourd'hui gît un métèque futur. (p. 63)

On ne découvre une saveur aux jours que lorsqu'on se dérobe à l'obligation d'avoir un destin. (p. 85)

C'est par peur de souffrir que nous nous évertuons à abolir la realité. Nos efforts couronnés, cette abolition même se révèle source de souffrances. (p. 146)

Le dernier recours de ceux que le sort a frappés est l'idée du sort. (p. 147) ( )
  iogavagai | Jul 31, 2021 |
Librería 6. Estante 5.
  atman2019 | Dec 19, 2019 |
Librería 6. Estante 5.
  atman2019 | Dec 16, 2019 |
Enigmatic insights
Pessimistic and peculiar wisdom from the pen of E. M. Cioran.
Sardonic depth is relentlessly present: I often find myself ruminating on one of his sentences for several minutes attempting to grasp the subtlety of his thinking.
All Gall Is Divided is an engrossing collection of remarks which gifts the reader an abundance of ideas and the shadows of ideas.
Simplicity and complexity merge to create an intriguing simplexity.
Cioran is arguably the best writer of anti-clichéd philosophical aphorisms.
... (A poetic aphorism from page 71): "Adrift in the Vague, I cling to each wisp of affliction as to a drowning man's plank." ( )
1 voter BlackGlove | Jan 20, 2018 |
Cioran is perhaps an acquired taste -- to resort to a cliche he would despise, he is not everyone's cup of tea. But for those who have the taste for him, he is an addiction, like absinthe. ( )
3 voter TRHummer | Jul 28, 2008 |
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Now in paperback, an "antidote to a world gone mad for bedside affirmation" (Washington Post). E. M. Cioran has been called the last worthy disciple of Nietzsche and "a sort of final philosopher of the Western world" who "combines the compassion of poetry and the audacity of cosmic clowning" (Washington Post). All Gall Is Divided is the second book Cioran published in French after moving from his native Romania and establishing himself in Paris. It revealed him as an aphorist in a long tradition descending from the ancient Greeks through La Rochefoucault but with a gift for lacerating, subversively off-kilter insights, a twentieth-century nose for the absurdities of the human condition, and what Baudelaire called "spleen." The aphorisms collected here address themes from the atrophy of utterance and the condition of the West to the abyss, solitude, time, religion, music, the vitality of love, history, and the void. The award-winning poet and translator Richard Howard has characterized them as "manic humor, howls of pain, and a vestige of tears," but, as he notes too, in these expressions of the philosopher's existential estrangement, there glows "a certain sweetness for all of what Cioran calls 'amertume.'"

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