Sikhs, 121, 159 in following; demand a separate state, 346, 388; during the war, 238; emergence as martial force, 162; perils of partition for, 342; first war with the British, 222 and following; political party of, 388; ravaged by partition of Punjab, 348; represented by, 319; revolt against, 169; revolutionaries, 292; 242; and struggle against Mughal power, for invasions by the Afghans since 1748, and plunderers turn Delhi into a nightmare city of raping and carnage for more than a month of occupation, struggle against Mogul Power, 182; surrender to British, 223; under, 216; second war with the British, 223-24.

The invasion of India really was mostly from the north from the Khyber Pass and Afghanistan.

"Yet the bitter shock of such attacks, whatever the factual sum of their deadly impact, was even more painfully amplified in the memories of those who had watched helplessly as friends and family were slain or enslaved by invaders who claimed to kill, rape, and rob in the name of God (p. 107)."

"The severity of Turko - Afghan persecution directed against centers of Buddhist monasticism was so unrelenting that the religion of the Buddha was now sent into exile from the land of its birth, never to return again in any significant numbers until 1954 when B. R. Ambedkar, India's learned leader of Hindu untouchables, publicly converted to Buddhism with some 50,000 of his followers as a political protest (pp. 108-109)."

Divine love, devotion, and Guru Nanak, founder of the Sikhs, and other peaceful Hindu preachers opposed Islam (pp. 120-121).