This new manual will be invaluable to those studying animal flight. It provides practical guidance, helping the reader to estimate the amount of energy used for flight by foraging birds, the distances migrants can fly non-stop, and the comparative efficiencies of wing-flapping and gliding. The volume includes an introduction to scale effects and wake structures, and covers the principles of work and power generation by muscles. Helpful examples illustrate how computer programs can be applied to biological problems, and the ways in which experiments or observations can be used to test the accuracy of predictions. This volume is fully illustrated, and includes many photographs of birds in flight. The book includes a disk with BASIC programs for performance calculations on powered and gliding flight.