Texas possesses an incredibly rich and diverse natural heritage. Its natural assets include 181 species of mammals, 247 species of freshwater fish, and 576 species of birds, living in mountains, deserts, forests, prairies, wetlands, and coastal beaches. While state and federal agencies can provide technical guidance in managing these natural resources, the survival of ecosystems and species will depend on informed Texans who care about and want to help protect the unique natural diversity found only in Texas. This book describes all the mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, amphibians, and invertebrates in Texas that are listed as endangered or threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Following a description of each animal and its habitat and life history, the author covers the threats to the animal, the reasons for its decline, recovery efforts in its behalf, and resources for more information and public involvement. As the state agency responsible for the stewardship of the state's wildlife resources, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD), through the Endangered Species Program of the Resource Protection Division, seeks to provide current, accurate, and useful information to landowners and managers, educators, and the public concerning endangered and threatened species. This book is an important part of that ongoing effort.