In this important and timely book, David Carment and Patrick James explore the intractable problem of ethnic conflict -- the defining characteristic of international relations after the Cold War. Peace in the Midst of Wars provides a context for studying potentially violent ethnic conflicts and existing mechanisms to deal with them; evaluates regional and international instruments for conflict prevention; and suggests measures for improving peace-keeping and conflict prevention policies.The explosion of ethnic strife around the world calls into question the ability and commitment of international and regional organizations to prevent and manage such conflict. While not all disagreements between ethnic groups escalate into violence, several have proven monstrously destructive, and several could ultimately reach a level that overwhelms international resources and capabilities. The record of ethnic strife indicates that while the international community is increasingly aware of its dangers, efforts at mediation and resolution have been painfully inadequate. Intervention by third parties frequently comes too late -- only after violence and hostility are widespread.The goal of this book is threefold. First, it identifies the domestic and international conditions that often lead to violent ethnic strife. Second, it offers preventive strategies that third parties can employ to reduce tensions. Finally, it takes on what is perhaps the most challenging task: finding ways to make peacekeeping operations more likely to succeed.