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In the Shadow of the Virgin: Inquisitors, Friars, and "Conversos" in Guadalupe, Spain

par Gretchen D. Starr-Lebeau

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On June 11, 1485, in the pilgrimage town of Guadalupe, the Holy Office of the Inquisition executed Alonso de Paredes--a converted Jew who posed an economic and political threat to the town's powerful friars--as a heretic. Wedding engrossing narratives of Paredes and other figures with astute historical analysis, this finely wrought study reconsiders the relationship between religious identity and political authority in late-Medieval and early-modern Spain. Gretchen Starr-LeBeau concentrates on the Inquisition's handling of conversos (converted Jews and their descendants) in Guadalupe, taking religious identity to be a complex phenomenon that was constantly re-imagined and reconstructed in light of changing personal circumstances and larger events. She demonstrates that the Inquisition reified the ambiguous religious identities of conversos by defining them as devout or (more often) heretical. And she argues that political figures used this definitional power of the Inquisition to control local populations and to increase their own authority. In the Shadow of the Virgin is unique in pointing out that the power of the Inquisition came from the collective participation of witnesses, accusers, and even sometimes its victims. For the first time, it draws the connection between the malleability of religious identity and the increase in early modern political authority. It shows that, from the earliest days of the modern Spanish Inquisition, the Inquisition reflected the political struggles and collective religious and cultural anxieties of those who were drawn into participating in it.… (plus d'informations)
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This excellent book analyses the interactions between conversos (converts from Judaism to Christianity and their descendants), Old Christians, friars and the Inquisition in late fifteenth century Guadalupe, Spain. Starr-LeBeau challenges the existing historiography—which has tended to make monoliths out of people's identities, to remove complexity and depth and shade from people's interactions—by re-examining Inquisition records and carefully teasing out interpersonal dynamics.

Through careful use of documentary evidence, Starr-LeBeau shows that a person's sense of self is never simple, and that even those people who claim (or who have imposed on them) the same identity may conceive of that identity differently, or engage in a very different set of actions and practices. Some of the trial evidence makes for gripping reading in and of themselves, as with the case of Inés Gonsalez whose bitter testimony and insistence that her conversa mother was a 'true Jew' succeeded in condemning her own mother to death.

Moreover, Starr-LeBeau demonstrates that institutions such as the Inquisition and the Spanish crown have a vested interested in "creating oppositions out of ambiguities"—in reifying those fluid, multifaceted identities into discrete categories—as a means of bolstering their own power. Starr-LeBeau's arguments are persuasive and well-written, even if at times (as she acknowledges) based on scant documentation. ( )
  siriaeve | Nov 12, 2010 |
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On June 11, 1485, in the pilgrimage town of Guadalupe, the Holy Office of the Inquisition executed Alonso de Paredes--a converted Jew who posed an economic and political threat to the town's powerful friars--as a heretic. Wedding engrossing narratives of Paredes and other figures with astute historical analysis, this finely wrought study reconsiders the relationship between religious identity and political authority in late-Medieval and early-modern Spain. Gretchen Starr-LeBeau concentrates on the Inquisition's handling of conversos (converted Jews and their descendants) in Guadalupe, taking religious identity to be a complex phenomenon that was constantly re-imagined and reconstructed in light of changing personal circumstances and larger events. She demonstrates that the Inquisition reified the ambiguous religious identities of conversos by defining them as devout or (more often) heretical. And she argues that political figures used this definitional power of the Inquisition to control local populations and to increase their own authority. In the Shadow of the Virgin is unique in pointing out that the power of the Inquisition came from the collective participation of witnesses, accusers, and even sometimes its victims. For the first time, it draws the connection between the malleability of religious identity and the increase in early modern political authority. It shows that, from the earliest days of the modern Spanish Inquisition, the Inquisition reflected the political struggles and collective religious and cultural anxieties of those who were drawn into participating in it.

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