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La bolla di componenda (1993)

par Andrea Camilleri

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» Voir aussi les 3 mentions

In this extended essay, Camilleri looks at the typical southern-Italian phenomenon of componenda, or informal agreement, a vital ingredient of the way brigandage and organised crime have always functioned, especially in Sicily. There's a recognised tariff for selling stolen property back to its owner (in the best traditions of Jonathan Wild, as he notes); when the young Camilleri, on his way to take an exam at the university, got a night-time ride to Palermo in one of his father's fish-trucks, he saw for himself how the truck was stopped by armed men on the road and an agreed quantity of fish handed over as a fee for safe passage.

But what really prompted this book was his discovery in the papers of an 1875 commission of inquiry into crime in Sicily of references to what's bizarrely called a Bolla di componenda, a "deed of unwritten agreement", a document sold annually by parish priests that granted indulgence for a specified amount of crime (for the fee of 1.30 lire, you could have stolen property up to 32.80 lire; if you'd stolen more, you had to buy extra certificates). Naturally, the copy of the Bolla that was meant to be attached to the proceedings of the commission is missing, and Camilleri can't find one anywhere else ("you never will", his friend Leonardo Sciascia tells him), but there are references with corresponding details in other contemporary accounts of Sicily.

Camilleri is fascinated by the way the clergy still managed to get involved in organised crime despite all the restrictions they put on things like the sale of indulgences after the Reformation. Somehow, the Bolla is worded in a way that gets around the rules. He quotes the wonderfully named military commander, Lt.-General Avogadro di Casanova, in his (apparently ignored) evidence to the commission as saying that all that is needed to wipe out crime in Sicily is to get rid of the priests and aristocratic landowners and pay the peasants a fair wage... ( )
  thorold | Jun 17, 2022 |
"Componenda": è accordo, compromesso, transazione intesa a sanare un contenzioso tra parti. Fa pensare all'accordo tra due privati o, quando, non privati, a pattuizioni di poteri occulti, torbidi, segreti. Tutto il contrario della posizione di uno stato di diritto che non compone, ma garantisce imparzialmente contro i torti. E invece, in Sicilia almeno, non si è dato nella storia potere che non si ritenesse parte di una componenda, di fronte ad altri poteri, a danno di chi, per modestia, per debolezza, per isolamento, non riusciva a garantirsi con nessun potere. E lo Stato italiano quando venne si aggiustò a questa pratica tradizionale, con il brigantaggio, con la mafia e con i tanti prepotenti. Si dice che i siciliani, per la lunga mancanza, sono assetati di Stato, e Camilleri questa sete esprime nella sua lingua di forza comica e tempra popolare, raccontando di alcune componende, altre inventandone, fino a imbattersi, frugando negli archivi, nella più simbolica e incredibile di tutte. Quella che il potere ecclesiastico garantiva a chi, pagando un obolo più o meno grande secondo il reato, acquisiva diritto preventivo all'assoluzione. Molti, dimostra Camilleri, ne alludevano nel corso di deposizioni rapporti e testimonianze, senza che gli inquirenti mai pensassero di approfondire; tutti ne conoscevano l'esistenza. Ma poi, la Bolla di componenda, il documento, è rimasto inghiottito nella storia della Sicilia (storia che è di per sé una grande componenda).
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