What distinguishes fiction from non-fiction in first-person narratives? What is the difference between a novel and autobiography? What makes a first-person narrative a literary work of art? If fiction is a self-contained meaning structure, what frame of reference can we use to tell if the narrator is -lying?- Using a phenomenological approach to these questions basic to both literary theory and practical literary criticism, Lucy L. Melbourne develops a model of the unreliable first-person narrative. By applying it to three challenging works, Saul Bellow's Dangling Man, Albert Camus's La Chute, and Franz Kafka's Ein Landarzt, she shows us how to read -between the lines- to discover the implicit text structuring first-person narratives into literary works of art."