Some parts of the Australian landscape are more than 100 million years old. The dinosaurs roamed a land in which Kakadu, the Macdonnell and Flinders ranges, the Arcoona Plateau and the Mt Lofty Ranges, and many parts of the Yilgarn Craton of Western Australia and the Eastern Uplands were recognisably present. The occurrence of very old surfaces in Australia is described on a regional basis. How the surfaces have been dated is explained. Australia is noted for its old rocks and fossils. Many of its landscape elements also are very old, and very old plant species have taken refuge in these ancient landscapes.