This is a book for everyone trying to improve early childhood education and special needs education. The main goal with this book is to describe theoretical and empirical research on early childhood education and special needs education that focuses on children and students' learning conditions. This book is dominated by a research tradition which stays close to practice. The chapters focus on research pertaining to preschool, school and its participants in different social contexts, and studying ways in which preschool and other schools offer pedagogical challenges to children with different abilities and experiences. The chapters include children's encounters with language, entrepreneurial learning, music education and indoor environments in preschool. Some chapters highlight transitions between preschool, and school, as well as the processes of social interaction and identity. The chapters also deal with questions about inclusion and special educational needs. Children and Young People in School and in Society offers an insight into children and students' learning conditions of Twenty-first century early childhood education and special needs education. It provides an informative reading experience for students, researchers and policy-makers, and even parents that are interested in this subject.