A history of Rome beginning with the great schism within the Church in 1378 and ending with the pontificate of Sixtus IV in 1484--from the medieval period to the Renaissance. That century saw far-reaching change in Rome: the Pope took control of the rebellious city, society and economy came to center around the court, and the humanists led a spiritual change that taught a new perspective of the ancient world. Religious life was colored by the pilgrims and laywomen who streamed into Rome during the Jubilee Years, and the Popes and Cardinals carried out a program of building and art that changed the external appearance of Rome.