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Pierre Simon Laplace, 1749-1827: A Determined Scientist

par Roger Hahn

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Often referred to as the Newton of France, Pierre Simon Laplace has been called the greatest scientist of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. He affirmed the stability of the solar system and offered a powerful hypothesis about its origins. A skillful mathematician and popular philosopher, Laplace also did pioneering work on probability theory, in devising a method of inverse probabilities associated with his classic formulation of physical determinism in the universe. With Lavoisier and several younger disciples, he also made decisive advances in chemistry and mathematical physics. Roger Hahn, who has devoted years to researching Laplace's life, has compiled a rich archive of his scientific correspondence. In this compact biography, also based in part on unpublished private papers, Hahn follows Laplace's journey from would-be priest in the provinces to Parisian academician, popularizer of science during the French Revolution, religious skeptic, and supporter of Napoleon. By the end of his life, Laplace had become a well-rewarded dean of French science. In this first full-length biography, Hahn illuminates the man in his historical setting. Elegantly written, Pierre Simon Laplace reflects a lifetime of thinking and research by a distinguished historian of science on the fortunes of a singularly important figure in the annals of Enlightenment science.… (plus d'informations)
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Very informative & interesting bio of one of the most influential scientists during the Enlightenment & earlier 19th century. Laplace made important contributions to mathematics & cosmology, not least as a grand synthesizer. But it was his political role that was truly unsurpassed. Convinced of philosopher Condorcet's vision of a scientific republic, he pursued this ideal in neutral & unpartisan manner, skilfully staying clear of the public accusations, imprisonment, & tragic death that had been Condorcet's fate.

Having then become the near-dictator of French science, Laplace guided or ordered research into avenues he favoured - yet often with good reason & a degree of support from the scientific community. Under his watch French science gained remarkable momentum & unity.

Several of the greatest scientists of our history were also active political influencers. "Pure" scientists such as Newton, Einstein or Bohr, as well as more resolutely political figures such as d'Alembert, Oppenheimer - or Laplace who, with this biography, may stand as the clearest & most successful exponent of the type.

Laplace's peculiar role as 'politician of science' is displayed throughout the book, as well as specifically addressed in Chapters 7 & 8. ( )
  SkjaldOfBorea | Sep 9, 2009 |
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Often referred to as the Newton of France, Pierre Simon Laplace has been called the greatest scientist of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. He affirmed the stability of the solar system and offered a powerful hypothesis about its origins. A skillful mathematician and popular philosopher, Laplace also did pioneering work on probability theory, in devising a method of inverse probabilities associated with his classic formulation of physical determinism in the universe. With Lavoisier and several younger disciples, he also made decisive advances in chemistry and mathematical physics. Roger Hahn, who has devoted years to researching Laplace's life, has compiled a rich archive of his scientific correspondence. In this compact biography, also based in part on unpublished private papers, Hahn follows Laplace's journey from would-be priest in the provinces to Parisian academician, popularizer of science during the French Revolution, religious skeptic, and supporter of Napoleon. By the end of his life, Laplace had become a well-rewarded dean of French science. In this first full-length biography, Hahn illuminates the man in his historical setting. Elegantly written, Pierre Simon Laplace reflects a lifetime of thinking and research by a distinguished historian of science on the fortunes of a singularly important figure in the annals of Enlightenment science.

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