The Iberian peninsula was conquered by Berbers of North Africa and Arabs belonging to the Ommayad Dynasty of Damascus from 711 through the nearly 800-year-long war that ended in the expulsion of both Moors and Jews in 1492. This book presents the Iberian peninsula demographic features, governing body, social life and customs, language, religion, culture, science, engineering and intellectual life of the region occupied by the Moslem during the reign of different Caliphates. During this period of time the development of a culture whose people spoke various Spanish dialects while the official language was Arabic the learning centers, philosophers, scientists played the role of preserving, translating, and making known the ancient Greek scientific texts as well as Arabic treatises on philosophy and science; the rabbinic center in Toledo; and the history of the Jews in Spain. There were treatises on farming and medical-dietetics written by hispano-arabs authors and valuable information about the bread-making from several plants, wild and grown plants.