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Chargement... Stèles. La grande famine en Chine, 1958-1961par Yang Jisheng
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Tombstone meticulously demonstrates that the famine was not only vast, but manmade; and not only manmade but political, born of totalitarianism. Mao Zedong had vowed to build a communist paradise in China through sheer revolutionary zeal, collectivising farmland and creating massive communes at astonishing speed. In 1958 he sought to go further, launching the Great Leap Forward: a plan to modernise the entire Chinese economy so ambitious that it tipped over into insanity. Many believe personal ambition played a crucial role. Not satisfied with being "the most powerful emperor who had ever ruled China", Mao strove to snatch leadership of the international communist movement. If the Soviet Union believed it could catch up with the US in 15 years, he vowed, China could overtake Britain in production. His vicious attacks on other leaders who dared to voice concern cowed opposition. But, as Yang notes: "It's a very complicated historical process, why China believed in Maoism and took this path. It wasn't one person's mistake but many people's. It was a process." The plan proved a disaster from the first. Local officials, either from fanaticism or fear, sent grossly exaggerated reports of their success to the centre, proclaiming harvests three or four times their true size. Higher authorities claimed huge amounts of grain for the cities and even dispatched it overseas. Cadres harassed or killed those who sought to tell the truth and covered up deaths when reports of problems trickled to the centre. Even so, work by Yang and others has proved that senior leaders in Beijing knew of the famine as early as 1958. "To distribute resources evenly will only ruin the Great Leap Forward," Mao warned colleagues a year later. "When there is not enough to eat, people starve to death. It is better to let half the people die so that others can eat their fill." Appartient à la série éditorialeSeuil, Points histoire (H486) Prix et récompenses
La 4e de couverture indique : « Affamer les paysans pour nourrir les villes. Le "Grand Bond en avant" initié par Mao à la fin des années 1950 a provoqué un gigantesque désastre économique. Dès 1958 s'abat l'horreur : des villages entiers sont effacés par la famine, les cas de cannibalisme se multiplient, les survivants perdent la raison ; assassinats, suicides et abandons d'enfants sont courants... Yang Jisheng a mis une quinzaine d'années à rassembler documents et témoignages pour ériger, "une stèle pour mon père, mort de faim en 1959, une stèle pour les 36 millions de Chinois victimes de la famine, une stèle pour le système responsable du désastre".» Aucune description trouvée dans une bibliothèque |
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Google Books — Chargement... GenresClassification décimale de Melvil (CDD)363.80951Social sciences Social problems and services; associations Other social problems and services Food supplyClassification de la Bibliothèque du CongrèsÉvaluationMoyenne:
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