The "nul" movement was formed in 1961 by Armando, Jan Henderikse, Henk Peeters and Jan Schoonhoven. Their work marked a radical turning point in the development of post-war visual art. The artists collaborated on manifestos, exhibitions, happenings and publications in fluid groupings. Internationally they sought contact with like-minded groups in Germany (Zero), France (Nouveau Réalisme), Italy (Azimuth) and Japan (Gutai), as well as with individual artists, such as Yves Klein and Lucio Fontana. Collectively they set the tone for the artistic climate in Europe in the 1960s, producing work in which phenomena such as light, water, fire, movement and seriality played an important part. Exhibition at the Stedelijk Museum Schiedam from 11 September 2011 to 22 January 2012, organized in association with the Zero Foundation, Düsseldorf.