This new book captures how the uncertainties associated with the emergence of adversarial interstate relations transformed early civilizations. Leading authors compare the interaction of geopolitical and strategic thought in ancient Hebrew, Hindu, Chinese and Greek; and in the Muslim and Christian (Renaissance) civilizations. By comparing and contrasting the reflections of the Book of Samuel, Kautilya¿s Arthasatra, Sun Tzu¿s Art of War, Thucydides¿ The Peloponnesian War, Ibn Khaldun¿s Muqaddimah, Machiavelli¿s The Prince and The Art of War, this work highlights how thinking about war in systematic ways compels the analyst to conceptualize polity, culture and geography in new and surprising ways.