Rafe Sagarin (–2015)
Auteur de Learning From the Octopus: How Secrets from Nature Can Help Us Fight Terrorist Attacks, Natural Disasters, and Disease
A propos de l'auteur
Rafe Sagarin is an assistant research scientist, marine ecologist, and environmental policy analyst at the Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona, in Tucson. Anbal Pauchard is Associate Professor of Plant Ecology and Invasion Biology in the Faculty of Forest Sciences, University of afficher plus Concepcin, Chile. afficher moins
Œuvres de Rafe Sagarin
Étiqueté
Partage des connaissances
- Autres noms
- Sagarin, Raphael D.
- Date de décès
- 2015-05-28
- Sexe
- male
- Professions
- Marine Ecologist
Membres
Critiques
Statistiques
- Œuvres
- 3
- Membres
- 99
- Popularité
- #191,538
- Évaluation
- 3.6
- Critiques
- 1
- ISBN
- 9
Through numerous very entertaining examples of behavior of biological organisms, the author finds that the most important property of surviving in response to selective pressures is adaptability. As he points out, “Fish don’t try to turn sharks into vegetarians.” Instead, they learn how to live with the risk and survive in spite of it. He describes, for example, how limpets withstand the pressures of waves, how starfish manage to feed on mussels, why beetles are so successful and how octopi avoid predators.
He also gives many examples of failures in human societies that could have been avoided by using the main lessons from organism survival that enhance adaptability: decentralization (maximizing benefits of on-site ability to react to changes in the environment); the use of redundancy; learning from success instead of just learning from failure (which is, at best, a solution to a one-time problem that has already occurred); and the use of symbiosis – i.e., working together so that each party benefits. Working together can also result in large networks of independent, redundant parts, or it can result in emergent organizations that take on new properties from the combination of its constituents.
One barrier to using the nature model to increase societal adaptability is the top-down organization of many institutions in our society. Small elites get insulated and ossified, and resist sharing power. When change does take place it is often too late. On the other hand, allowing small networks within organizations to have the freedom and resources to innovate in response to problems that arise, and/or soliciting help for identified problems by issuing challenges, would emulate the natural adaptive organization of nature. This is already happening, he asserts, on an informal basis. Organizations that act more like networks, with units capable of reacting semi-autonomously to threats, can respond faster and more effectively. Compare, he proposes, the human immune system, and how well it works.
The lessons of nature, Sagarin notes, are “free for the taking”: "It’s time to feel the cactus spine, listen to the marmot’s shrill call, and stare deep into the eye of an octopus.”
Evaluation: While there are those who resist attempts by academicians to reach beyond the narrow confines of their disciplines, I for one applaud their eclecticism, and think there is much to be learned from the practice. But even aside from Sagarin’s arguments for recognition of the value of biological understanding for human organizations, the stories he tells about organisms, particularly those found in tide-pools, are fascinating and worthwhile on their own. It also turns out that many of Sagarin’s ideas about connecting nature and society were inspired by Ed Ricketts, the very same “Doc” from John Steinbeck’s Cannery Row. I found out interesting facts in every chapter. I really enjoyed reading this book! My one complaint is that the index is not very helpful.… (plus d'informations)