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J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904–1967)

Auteur de The Open Mind

21+ oeuvres 310 utilisateurs 5 critiques 1 Favoris

A propos de l'auteur

An American physicist, born in New York City, Robert Oppenheimer graduated from Harvard University summa cum laude in 1925. He made significant contributions to the development of quantum mechanics and was the key figure in the rapid development of the first atom bomb. After extensive study with afficher plus key researchers in Britain and Germany (he received his Ph.D. in 1927 from the University of Gottingen), Oppenheimer returned to the United States to establish and run simultaneously two influential schools of theoretical physics, at the California Institute of Technology and the University of California, Berkeley. Theoretical physics had never before been studied with such intensity in the United States. During the 1930s, he made numerous contributions to atomic and nuclear physics. Oppenheimer and his students developed almost all consequences of the Dirac theory of the electron, including the predicted positively charged electron, discovered by Carl Anderson in 1932 and named the position. Oppenheimer also published early papers, theoretically discussing black holes and neutron stars. These papers were ignored by astronomers for many years. Oppenheimer is best known to the general public as the leader of the successful American effort to develop the atom bomb at Los Alamos, New Mexico (1942--45). In 1947 he was appointed director of the Institute of Advanced Study at Princeton, New Jersey. After the war, Oppenheimer made powerful enemies by his opposition to the development of the hydrogen bomb and by his public proposals for international control of atomic energy. In 1954, during the McCarthy era, the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) declared him a "security risk," thereby greatly disturbing many scientists. In 1963, AEC reversed its position, nominating Oppenheimer for its Fermi Prize in recognition of his many achievements. (Bowker Author Biography) afficher moins
Crédit image: Los Alamos National Laboratory

Œuvres de J. Robert Oppenheimer

Oeuvres associées

The Oxford Book of Modern Science Writing (2008) — Contributeur — 802 exemplaires
Classic Essays in English (1961) — Contributeur — 22 exemplaires
Het derde Testament : Joodse verhalen (1995) — Contributeur, quelques éditions7 exemplaires
To Shiver the Sky (2020) — Compositeur — 4 exemplaires

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This is a collection of eight lectures delivered between 1946 and 1955. They are a record of the change and growth over 10 years in the thinking of one of the outstanding scholars of his generation. The entire book is thus an illustration of its central statement of the values to society of the open mind. Here is the author's definition of his belief in this: :An indispensable, perhaps the indispensable, element in giving meaning to the dignity of man, and in the making possible the taking of decision on the basis of honest conviction, is the openness of men's minds, and the openness of whatever media there are for communion between men, free of restraint, free of repression, and free even of that most pervasive of all restraints, that of status and hierarchy.… (plus d'informations)
 
Signalé
PendleHillLibrary | Jun 15, 2023 |
Indeholder "Forord", "I. Rum og tid", "II. Atom og felt", "III. Krigen og nationerne".

"Forord" handler om at det er tre forelæsninger holdt af Oppenheimer og at bogen er en redigeret udgave af båndoptagelser af dem. Professor i teoretisk fysik ved McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, M. A. Preston.
"I. Rum og tid" handler om udviklingen af vor viden. Fra Galilei til Maxwell. Fra Aristoteles til Newton til Einstein. Hvis lys har en endelig hastighed, kan vi ikke tale om samtidighed og rækkefølge på alle begivenheder, for nogle vil se ud til at ske i rækkefølgen A B, eller rækkefølgen B A, afhængigt af hvor man befinder sig relativt til de to begivenheder. Det har vidtgående konsekvenser og Einstein indser en masse af dem.
"II. Atom og felt" handler om kvanteteorien. Det er en hjernevrider for Planck at opdage at energi kommer i små pakker, men en masse fænomener som hulrumsstråling, atomernes stabilitet og lysudsendelse kan kun forklares på den måde.
"III. Krigen og nationerne" handler om at atombomber stiller krav om åbenhed og samarbejde.

Oversættelsen er ikke helt god eller også er sproget faktisk knudret? Her er fx en sætning om Einsteins almene relativitetsteori: "Vi vil måske i lang tid ønske, at vi kendte en fysiker, der ikke troede, at den er et endog meget, meget godt gætteværk, men jeg har aldrig mødt nogen, og der er ikke skygge af bevis mod den".

Professor Julius Robert Oppenheimer fik konstateret strubekræft i 1965 og døde i 1967 som 62-årig. Denne her forelæsningsrække har et par ting, jeg ikke havde tænkt over, fx at sort hulrumsstråling har noget med kvantepakker at gøre. Den ultraviolette katastrofe. Og at alle brintatomer ser ud til at være helt ens og ret uforstyrrelige i grundtilstanden.
… (plus d'informations)
 
Signalé
bnielsen | Jun 2, 2023 |
A reprinting of a series of lectures on science history (mainly physics) and science in the community given over the B.B.C. in 1953 by Professor Oppenheimer. Not exciting reading, but clear and aimed at the interested layman, and useful fodder for a term paper I wrote in college. Oppenheimer has a unique perspective on the topic, having been the director of the Los Alamos laboratory where the first atomic bombs were made.
 
Signalé
burnit99 | 2 autres critiques | Feb 15, 2007 |

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Œuvres
21
Aussi par
6
Membres
310
Popularité
#76,069
Évaluation
3.9
Critiques
5
ISBN
20
Langues
3
Favoris
1

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