Clifton Hood

Book received from NetGalley.

Freebie challenge for Emojiathon.

This was a very interesting book on the upper class in New York, particularly New York City from the late 1700's to present day. It gives the history of what they did to make New York the metropolis it is and how they brought new business opportunities and jobs to the state. It also gives you an idea of just how far off they are from the average working joes, and the lack of understanding they have about how the working class lives. I really liked it and will be looking for a finished copy for my history shelves.… (plus d'informations)

The New York subway system, much like the city itself, mocks hyperbole. The tracks, if stretched end to end, would travel from New York City to Chicago. It has its own police force of 4,250 employees, larger than that of Atlanta of Boston, and it has 469 stations. Forty-six percent of New Yorkers use it to travel to work and Wall Street would cease to function without it.

The book recounts the numerous physical and political barriers that need to be surmounted in accomplishing the huge feat. It's hard to overestimate the impact the system had on the city which relied on surface transport provided mostly by horse=drawn trolleys, making at best three to five miles per hour. The streets were incredibly congested. Crossing the street was a risky proposition.

Beyond the edge of transportation availability was a rural wasteland, and much of the impetus for building the subway network was from those who feared the middle class might leave New York City. Land surrounding the new stations became quite valuable and -- no surprise -- many fortunes were made by those who knew the routes ahead of time and could purchase land before the prices skyrocketed.

The New York City Transit Authority was created to reconcile the conflicting desires of the public: low fares yet high quality service. The NYCTA was supposed to bring management principles and eliminate the need for public subsidies. Ironically, Hood blames the systems decline during the sixties on "the ideology of business management, insulating transit management from the public, and lessening the accountability of top elected officials for transit decisions."

This is a fascinating book that illuminates the political and engineering feats required to complete the system.… (plus d'informations)

772 Miles is a thorough overview of New York City's subway system from the opening of the Interborough Rapid Transit system in 1904, the Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corporation in 1923, the city-operated Independent Subway System in 1932. According to Hood there was only a decade or so of financial success for the privately owned subway companies, largely built on real estate speculation in areas of the city opened up by the subway lines. Then began a long decline in which corporate fiscal interests tangled with public interests and the subway began to lose out to the automobile in expanding the city. Hood likes to point out that in art representing the subway in the 30's and 40's that people are often sleeping. Fear of crime was not a concern in this age when subway safety was concerned more with the trains themselves going off the rails. Even the consolidation of the subways under municipal control in 1940 was a failure in Hood's view. This book was published in 1993 before the subways were revitalized and repopularized, so it makes me wonder that if there's ever been a Golden Age for the New York City subway that we're living in it right now.

This book is a bit dry and kind of business-focused as opposed to the social and cultural history of the subway, but it's not bad for a short history.… (plus d'informations)