PDFR54b | See PDFR54 First Copy | PDF Download from PLOS Website | https://www.librarything.com/work/31528627/book/256104397 |

PDFR54 | Informative Abstract | Qualitative Survey Research | Background: Scientific research in the 21st century is more data-intensive and collaborative than in the past. It is important to study the data practices of researchers – data accessibility, discovery, re-use, preservation, and, particularly, data sharing. Data sharing is a valuable part of the scientific method allowing for the verification of results and extending research from prior results. Methodology/Principal Findings: A total of 1329 scientists participated in this survey exploring current data-sharing practices and perceptions of the barriers and enablers of data sharing. Scientists do not make their data electronically available to others for various reasons, including insufficient time and lack of funding. Most respondents are satisfied with their current processes for the initial and short-term parts of the data or research lifecycle (collecting their research data; searching for, describing or cataloging, analyzing, and short-term storage of their data) but are not satisfied with long-term data preservation. Many organizations do not provide support to their researchers for data management both in the short and long term. If certain conditions are met (such as formal citation and sharing reprints) respondents agree they are willing to share their data. There are also significant differences and approaches in data management practices based on primary funding agency, subject discipline, age, work focus, and world region. Conclusions/Significance: Barriers to effective data sharing and preservation are deeply rooted in the practices and culture of the research process and the researchers themselves. New mandates for data management plans from NSF and other federal agencies and worldwide attention to the need to share and preserve data could lead to changes. Large-scale programs, such as the NSF-sponsored DataNET (including projects like DataONE) will bring attention and resources to the issue and make it easier for scientists to apply sound data management principles | A majority of respondents to this international survey of data practices are willing to share at least some of their data and re-use others’ data pending certain conditions or restrictions on use. Getting credit through formal citation, obtaining copies of articles that use the data, and learning of products or publications that use the data are just some of the conditions that will help encourage ata sharing. Initiatives such as the DataNet partners in the United States and similar projects in other parts of the world can help build the infrastructure, policies, and best practices that will encourage data sharing. Providing a secure but flexible cyberinfrastructure while promulgating best practices such as data citation and metadata use, will help to build confidence in data sharing. Although there is currently some satisfaction with tools for data collection and analysis, there is less awareness and satisfaction with tools for metadata creation and preservation. Most scientists do not believe their organization is doing a sufficient job in helping them achieve long-term data preservation and many researchers are not currently using international metadata standards. | DataONE and similar efforts should pay close attention to organizational policies and resources |

Contents
1. Introduction pg. 1
--Data Sharing pg. 2
--Data Sharing/Withholding Practices pg. 2
--Figure 1 Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC), Stages of the research and data lifecycle.pg. 2
--Table 1 Primary Work Sector pg. 3
--Individual Choice vs. Institutional Policies pg. 3
--Table 3 Data Access
--Table 2 Subject Discipline pg. 3
--Table 4 Data Types pg. 3
--Table 5 Data Issues pg. 4
--Data Sharing Tools pg. 4
--Supporting Cyberinfrastructure pg. 4 PARSE Survey, DOI
--Table 6 Data Tools pg. 4 Systems Biology Markup Language, Systems Biology Ontology, Dyrad Project,
2. Methods pg. 4
--Methodology pg. 4 Online Surveys
--Table 6 Data Tools pg. 4
--Table 7 Organizational Involvement in Data Issues pg. 5
--Table 8 Data Reuse pg. 5
--Research Instrument pg. 5
--Table 9 Metadata Standards pg. 6
3. Results and Discussion pg. 6
--Demographics of Respondents pg. 6
--Current Data Practices pg. 6
--Table 10 Data Sharing Practices pg. 6
--Table 11 Data Sharing cont..pg.7
--Data Use pg.7
--Data Practices pg. 7
--Data Management Support and Policies pg. 7
--Data Resuse pg. 7
--Table 12 Reasons for Not Making Data Electronically Available pg. 7
--Table 13 Conditions for Data Sharing pg. 8
--Table 14 Others Using Data & Using Others/ Data pg. 8
--Table 15 Conditions for Data Sharing by Subject Discipline pg. 9
--Data Sharing pg. 9
--Table 16 Data Sharing by Subject Discipline pg. 9
--Table 17 Satisfaction for Data Management by Subject Discipline pg. 10
--Table 18 Data Reuse by Subject Discipline pg. 10
--Table 19 Conditions for Data Sharing by Subject Discipline pg. 11
--Data Use by Subject Discipline pg. 11
--Table 20 Conditions for Data Sharing for Reuse by Subject Discipline pg. 11
--Table 21 Using Others' Data by Subject Discipline pg. 12
--Data Practices by Subject Discipline pg. 12
--Table 22 Using Others' Data by Subject Discipline pg. 12
--Table 23 Organizational Involvement in Data Issues by Age Group pg. 13
--Data Management Support and Policies by Subject Discipline pg. 13
--Data Reuse by Subject Discipline pg. 13
--Table 24 Data Reuse by Age Group pg. 13
--Data Sharing by Subject Discipline pg. 14
--Discipline Summary pg. 14
--Table 26 Others Using Data by Age Group pg.14
--Age: Data Management Support Policies pg. 14
--Table 27 Using Others' Data by Age Group pg. 15
--Table 28 Conditions for Dat Shring by Activity pg. 15
--Table 29 Data Access by Activity pg. 26
--Data Management Support and Policies by Activity pg. 16
--Activity Summary pg. 16
--Geographic Location pg. 16 Data Practices by Geographic Location
--Table 30 Organizational Involvement by Activity pg. 16
--Table 31 Satisfaction by Geographic Location pg. 17
--Table 32 Satisfaction with Data Management by Geographical Location pg. 17
--Table 33 Organizational Involvement in Data Issues by Geographic Location pg. 18
--Table 34 Data Reuse by Geographic Location pg. 18
4. Conclusion pg. 18
--Table 35 Conditions for Data Sharing by Geographic Location pg. 19
--Table 36 Others Using Data by Geographic Location pg. 19
--Table 37 Using Others' Data by Geographic Region pg. 20
5. Supporting Information pg. 21 Appendix S1 (not included)
6. Acknowledgements pg. 21
7. References pg. 21
8. Author Contributions pg. 21 |

SA - Archival Use & Contribution
RT - Scholarship as Conversation, Information Has Value, Infomation Creation as a Process
BT - Data Use and Reuse
NT - Archival Perceptions
UF - Determining Value of Data Reuse
SN - Survey Research to determine data archiving value; a qualitative study demonstrating a need for reusable data and findable data services. (This entry does not reference a hierarchical list)