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Chargement... Rationality: What It Is, Why It Seems Scarce, Why It Matters (édition 2022)par Steven Pinker (Auteur)
Information sur l'oeuvreRationality: What It Is, Why It Seems Scarce, Why It Matters par Steven Pinker
   Books Read in 2023 (3,121) Actuellement, il n'y a pas de discussions au sujet de ce livre.  Eugene_Kernes | Jun 4, 2024 |    ) atrillox | Nov 27, 2023 | ) steve02476 | Jan 3, 2023 |  ) Castinet | Dec 11, 2022 |  ) FredericRivas | Oct 18, 2022 |
Why, Pinker demands, is humanity losing its mind? Prix et récompensesListes notables
"Can reading a book make you more rational? Can it explain why there seems to be so much irrationality in the world, including, let's be honest, in each of us? These are the goals of Steven Pinker's follow-up to Enlightenment Now (Bill Gates's "new favorite book of all time"). Humans today are often portrayed as cavemen out of time, poised to react to a lion in the grass with a suite of biases, blind spots, fallacies, and illusions. But this, Pinker a cognitive scientist and rational optimist argues, cannot be the whole picture. Hunter-gatherers--our ancestors and contemporaries--are not nervous rabbits but cerebral problem-solvers. A list of the ways in which we are stupid cannot explain how we're so smart: how we discovered the laws of nature, transformed the planet, and lengthened and enriched our lives. Indeed, if humans were fundamentally irrational, how did they discover the benchmarks for rationality against which humans fall short? The topic could not be more timely. In the 21st century, humanity is reaching new heights of scientific understanding--and at the same time appears to be losing its mind. How can a species that sequenced the genome and detected the Big Bang produce so much fake news, quack cures, conspiracy theories, and "post-truth" rhetoric? A big part of Rationality is to explain these tools--to inspire an intuitive understanding of the benchmarks of rationality, so you can understand the basics of logic, critical thinking, probability, correlation and causation, the optimal ways to adjust our beliefs and commit to decisions with uncertain evidence, and the yardsticks for making rational choices alone and with others. Rationality matters. As the world reels from foolish choices made in the past and dreads a future that may be shaped by senseless choices in the present, rationality may be the most important asset that citizens and influencers command. Steven Pinker, the great defender of human progress, having documented how the world is not falling apart, now shows how we can enhance rationality in our lives and in the public sphere. Rationality is the perfect toolkit to seize our own fates"-- Aucune description trouvée dans une bibliothèque |
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 Google Books — Chargement...GenresClassification décimale de Melvil (CDD)153.4Philosophy and Psychology Psychology Cognition And Memory Thought, thinking, reasoning, intuition, value, judgmentClassification de la Bibliothèque du CongrèsÉvaluationMoyenne: (3.81)
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Using rational reasoning skills, humans have been able to achieve material and scientific progress. Rationality is composed of cognitive tools that people use to understand a situation, to find potential solutions to a problem. Rationality is often found in groups, as each individual reciprocates in finding each other’s fallacies. Reason can reason about reason, which enables people to disagree and find alternative solutions. There are situations in which people can find rational reasons to behave irrationally, situations in which there is strategic value in ignorance. People use reasoning skills when they argue, persuade, evaluate, accept, or reject an argument instead of threatening and coercing each other.
Various social and institutional systems used force to shape others’ beliefs rather than use persuasion. The acceptable methods of forcing beliefs on others have changed, but even institutions that are meant to evaluate ideas, find ways to suppress divergent views. The problem of using force, is that force can leave the opposition with no alternative other than to reciprocate with force. Relative power can shift to the opposition who will reciprocate the lack of willingness to be heard on merits.
Caveats?
The book expresses rationality through various methods such as formal logic, game theory, and probability. Although the decision theory and mathematics are provided in an introductory form, a reader who has not yet learned the ideas might need to apply more effort to understand them such as by researching for more details and applications. The way some parts are written can contradict values in other parts, such as highlighting individual failures of rationality even though the group process of finding rationality is understood, and sharing causes to biases but providing various examples that enable the biases to occur. (