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A Letter Concerning Toleration: Humbly…
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A Letter Concerning Toleration: Humbly Submitted (Hpc Classics Series) (original 1689; édition 1983)

par John Locke

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Locke argued that religious belief ought to be compatible with reason, that no king, prince or magistrate rules legitimately without the consent of the people, and that government has no right to impose religious beliefs or styles of worship on the public. Locke's defense of religious tolerance and freedom of thought was revolutionary in its time. Even today, his letter poses a challenge to religious intolerance, whether state-sponsored or originating from religious dogmatists. Based on both Locke's original Latin and the seventeenth-century English translation of William Popple, this edition offers a reader-friendly version that remains loyal to the original text. In addition to a forty-page introduction that situates the Letterin its historical and philosophical contexts, this edition includes excerpts from writings on religious toleration by William Penn, Baruch Spinoza, Pierre Bayle, and Samuel von Pufendorf, as well as generous selections from the famous Locke-Proast debates on religious toleration.… (plus d'informations)
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Titre:A Letter Concerning Toleration: Humbly Submitted (Hpc Classics Series)
Auteurs:John Locke
Info:Hackett Publishing Company (1983), Paperback, 62 pages
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Lettre sur la tolerance par John Locke (1689)

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» Voir aussi les 15 mentions

Os méritos políticos de John Locke são notáveis pois foi ele, ao mesmo tempo, o grande teórico da democracia, o pregador da tolerância e um profeta da separação entre Estado e Igreja. Locke defende nesta carta que as ações dos cidadãos, principalmente as religiosas, devem ser defendidas pelo Estado, desde que essas ações não contrariem a função principal do Estado - defender a vida, a liberdade e a propriedade. A reivindicação por tolerância baseia-se, no direito natural à liberdade, o que tem como pressuposto a separação entre Estado e Igreja.
Em 1686, este conceito filosófico de tolerância, assume um corpo bem sólido, na tentativa de resolver um conflito geral sobre: diferenças sociais, culturais, civilizacionais, étnicas ou religiosas, enfim entre os limites das identidades e fronteiras individuais ou colectivas.
Foram estas suas ideias que conduziram o Parlamento de Londres a aprovar o Acto da Tolerância, de 1689, autorizando a liberdade de culto aos não-conformistas, mesmo que com uma série de reparos ou objecções, ainda assim esse conceito de tolerância abriu o caminho para a «maravilha política» do século XVIII, que foi a instauração do Estado Secular e o direito à Liberdade Religiosa, primeiro nos Estados Unidos da América, pela constituição de 1787, e logo de seguida em França através da Constituição de 1791. Três séculos depois, a questão essencial da tolerância continua «estranhamente» bem viva, permitindo-nos a pergunta básica: como conviver com a diferença, neste mundo cada vez mais marcado por conflitos de vária ordem?
A resposta reflexiva é-nos dada pelo ilustre John Locke:
«Liberdade absoluta, liberdade justa e verdadeira, liberdade equitativa e imparcial é aquilo de que estamos necessitados. Todavia, apesar de sobre isto muito se ter falado, duvido que tal tenha sido bem compreendido; tenho a certeza que não é de forma alguma praticado, quer pelos nossos governantes em relação ao povo em geral, quer por qualquer das partes do povo em conflito umas com as outras.» ( )
  Jonatas.Bakas | Dec 25, 2023 |
John Locke nesta carta defende a separação total entre o estado civil ("magistrado") e a religião, considerando que um deve manter-se concentrado nas leis civis, para o bem estar público, e o outro nas leis religiosas, para a salvação das almas.
Num texto simples, bem estruturado, Locke estabelece e defende estas proposições, concluindo que estando o estado fora da ação religiosa, e sendo a religião uma associação voluntária, a liberdade e tolerância religiosa deve ecistir para o bem estar, tanto do corpo mortal como da alma imortal.
A extensa introdução à edição das Edições 70, também tem um foco interessante na contextualização histórica e no desenvolvimento do pensamento de Locke.
O único defeito da edição é o facto de estar cheia de gralhas, não erros gramaticais mas substituição de letras (por vezes três e quatro duma só vez), tornando a leitura um pouco menos suave, e que teria sido facilmente corrigidas com uma simples revisão do texto. ( )
  AlexandreBarata | Aug 27, 2023 |
Originally a private letter to a Dutch friend who published it without his knowledge, the political thoughts of John Locke was first introduced to his native England in A Letter Concerning Toleration that would allow his future works to gain a large reading then and now.

In a time of political and religious conflict, Locke’s Letter revealed not only his uncertainty of known the “one true religion” when so many versions of Christianity existed but mixed that uncertainty with practical implications what how the peace in civil society would be affected by religious toleration with a reliance on Biblical analysis in key junctions within his argument. While not explicitly copying Roger Williams’ argument that the state can not enforce the first four commandments of the Decalogue as it would be interfering with God, Locke comes close in his argument that civil magistrates should only focus on keeping the peace of civil society by staying out of God’s purview because it would—though implying it already had—result in oppressed groups disrupting civil society either through civic action against them or them acting out in desperation. Locke’s Letter is not as thoroughly anti-Catholic has it was originally thought—though the criticism of High Church Anglicans that his argument for religious toleration would allow a Catholic takeover of England can be seen as them trying to insert a “boogeyman” to hid the fact they were attempting to do what he opposed—as while he opposed those that followed a “foreign” Prince (the Pope with worldly authority), if others who followed the same religious practices and theology while following their natural civil magistrates (essentially practicing Catholic who view the Pope as authority on spiritual matters only) he saw no reason why the latter could not be tolerated. Only at the end of the Letter when Locke discusses heresy and schism that his thoughts are hard to decipher and what relevance it had in the overall work.

A Letter Concerning Toleration was John Locke’s call for government not to concern itself with the spiritual salvation of its citizens and only on their civic wellbeing, while implying that religion should focus the spiritual not the civil. This short piece gives the reader an introduction into Locke’s writing before going on to longer pieces. ( )
  mattries37315 | Apr 27, 2022 |
“Considerando ser de vosso agrado perguntar minha opinião acerca da tolerância mútua entre cristãos em suas diferentes confissões religiosas, devo responder, com brevidade, que considero a tolerância a principal marca distintiva da verdadeira Igreja. Porque, apesar do que algumas pessoas alardeiam acerca da antiguidade de lugares e nomes ou do esplendor de seu ritual de culto, outras sobre a reforma de sua doutrina, bem como, todas elas, da ortodoxia de sua fé – pois todos são ortodoxos para si mesmos –, essas coisas, e todas as outras da mesma natureza, são mais propriamente marcas da luta de homens empenhando-se em alcançar o poder e o domínio uns sobre os outros do que da Igreja de Cristo.”
  matheus1berto21 | Jul 9, 2021 |
GB-5
  Murtra | Oct 27, 2020 |
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Locke argued that religious belief ought to be compatible with reason, that no king, prince or magistrate rules legitimately without the consent of the people, and that government has no right to impose religious beliefs or styles of worship on the public. Locke's defense of religious tolerance and freedom of thought was revolutionary in its time. Even today, his letter poses a challenge to religious intolerance, whether state-sponsored or originating from religious dogmatists. Based on both Locke's original Latin and the seventeenth-century English translation of William Popple, this edition offers a reader-friendly version that remains loyal to the original text. In addition to a forty-page introduction that situates the Letterin its historical and philosophical contexts, this edition includes excerpts from writings on religious toleration by William Penn, Baruch Spinoza, Pierre Bayle, and Samuel von Pufendorf, as well as generous selections from the famous Locke-Proast debates on religious toleration.

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